0001437749-20-010051 | 10-Q | XBRL Viewer | Applied Optoelectronics INC

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Document And Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
Document And Entity Information - shares	Mar. 31, 2020	May 01, 2020
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Central Index Key	0001158114
Entity Registrant Name	APPLIED OPTOELECTRONICS, INC.
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-36083
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	76-0533927
Entity Address, Address Line One	13139 Jess Pirtle Blvd.
Entity Address, City or Town	Sugar Land
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	77478
City Area Code	281
Local Phone Number	295-1800
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, Par value $0.001
Trading Symbol	AAOI
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		20,339,549

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 55,908	$ 59,977
Restricted cash	6,609	7,051
Accounts receivable - trade, net of allowance of $65 and $30, respectively	25,783	34,655
Inventories	87,109	85,028
Prepaid income tax	375	224
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,904	5,869
Total current assets	182,688	192,804
Property, plant and equipment, net	243,717	248,444
Land use rights, net	5,481	5,598
Operating right of use asset	7,645	7,768
Financing right of use asset	111	119
Intangible assets, net	4,051	4,081
Deferred income tax assets	9,078	7,287
Other assets, net	765	724
TOTAL ASSETS	453,536	466,825
Current liabilities
Current portion of notes payable and long-term debt	38,096	33,371
Accounts payable	36,236	32,828
Bank acceptance payable	9,550	6,310
Current lease liability - operating	938	965
Current lease liability - financing	17	17
Accrued liabilities	10,677	17,864
Total current liabilities	95,514	91,355
Notes payable and long-term debt, less current portion	15,315	16,552
Convertible senior notes	77,235	77,041
Non-current lease liability - operating	7,878	7,983
Non-current lease liability - financing	95	100
TOTAL LIABILITIES	196,037	193,031
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred Stock; 5,000 shares authorized at $0.001 par value; no shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	0	0
Common Stock; 45,000 shares authorized at $0.001 par value; 20,249 and 24,140 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	20	20
Additional paid-in capital	306,305	303,401
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) and income	(1,972)	430
Accumulated deficit	(46,854)	(30,057)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	257,499	273,794
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 453,536	$ 466,825

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounts receivable, allowance	$ 65	$ 30
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000	5,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	45,000	45,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	20,249	24,140
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	20,249	24,140

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Revenue, net	$ 40,467	$ 52,719
Cost of goods sold	34,129	40,368
Gross profit	6,338	12,351
Operating expenses
Research and development	10,558	11,185
Sales and marketing	2,936	2,595
General and administrative	10,638	10,440
Total operating expenses	24,132	24,220
Loss from operations	(17,794)	(11,869)
Other income (expense)
Interest income	147	72
Interest expense	(1,455)	(996)
Other income (expense), net	256	(155)
Total other income (expense), net	(1,052)	(1,079)
Loss before income taxes	(18,846)	(12,948)
Income tax benefit	2,049	2,474
Net loss	$ (16,797)	$ (10,474)
Net loss per share
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.53)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.53)
Weighted average shares used to compute net loss per share:
Basic (in shares)	20,208,383	19,863,090
Diluted (in shares)	20,208,383	19,863,090

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Net loss	$ (16,797)	$ (10,474)
Loss (gain) on foreign currency translation adjustment	(2,402)	2,348
Comprehensive loss	$ (19,199)	$ (8,126)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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+ Details

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Preferred Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Total
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	0	19,810
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 0	$ 20	$ 292,480	$ 602	$ 35,992	$ 329,094
Issuance of restricted stock, net of shares withheld for employee tax (in shares)	0	250
Issuance of restricted stock, net of shares withheld for employee tax	$ 0	$ 0	(299)	0	0	(299)
Share-based compensation	0	0	2,942	0	0	2,942
Foreign currency translation adjustment	0	0	0	2,348	0	2,348
Net loss	$ 0	$ 0	0	0	(10,474)	(10,474)
Stock options exercised, net of shares withheld for employee tax (in shares)	0	1
Stock options exercised, net of shares withheld for employee tax	$ 0	$ 0	7	0	0	7
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019	0	20,061
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 0	$ 20	295,130	2,950	25,518	323,618
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019	0	20,140
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 0	$ 20	303,401	430	(30,057)	273,794
Public offering of common stock, net (in shares)	0	4
Public offering of common stock, net	$ 0	$ 0	(75)	0	0	(75)
Issuance of restricted stock, net of shares withheld for employee tax (in shares)	0	105
Issuance of restricted stock, net of shares withheld for employee tax	$ 0	$ 0	(259)	0	0	(259)
Share-based compensation	0	0	3,238	0	0	3,238
Foreign currency translation adjustment	0	0	0	(2,402)	0	(2,402)
Net loss	$ 0	$ 0	0	0	(16,797)	$ (16,797)
Stock options exercised, net of shares withheld for employee tax (in shares)						(0)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020	0	20,249
Balance at Mar. 31, 2020	$ 0	$ 20	$ 306,305	$ (1,972)	$ (46,854)	$ 257,499

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Operating activities:
Net loss	$ (16,797)	$ (10,474)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Provision for losses on accounts receivable	35	0
Lower of cost or market reserve adjustment to inventory	1,648	2,287
Depreciation and amortization	6,031	5,948
Amortization of debt issuance costs	220	243
Deferred income taxes, net	(1,877)	(2,474)
Loss on disposal of assets	0	9
Share-based compensation	3,238	2,942
Unrealized foreign exchange gain	(103)	(249)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, trade	8,836	(1,589)
Notes receivable	0	(79)
Prepaid income tax	(151)	(224)
Inventories	(4,533)	7,304
Other current assets	(1,085)	3,670
Operating right of use asset	63	245
Accounts payable	3,408	(1,579)
Accrued liabilities	(7,117)	(5,698)
Lease liability	(62)	(242)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(8,246)	40
Investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(2,787)	(12,812)
Proceeds from disposal of equipment	52	1
Deposits and prepaid for equipment	(353)	3,931
Purchase of intangible assets	(112)	(155)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,200)	(9,035)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable and long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs	0	6,488
Principal payments of long-term debt and notes payable	(1,108)	(40,132)
Proceeds from line of credit borrowings	24,916	10,859
Repayments of line of credit borrowings	(20,000)	(25,747)
Proceeds from bank acceptance payable	7,195	2,382
Repayments of bank acceptance payable	(3,798)	(1,917)
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of debt issuance costs	(13)	76,378
Principal payments of financing lease	(4)	0
Exercise of stock options	0	7
Payments of tax withholding on behalf of employees related to share-based compensation	(259)	(299)
Proceeds from common stock offering, net	(75)	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	6,854	28,019
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	81	431
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(4,511)	19,455
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	67,028	58,004
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	62,517	77,459
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest, net of amounts capitalized	2,237	421
Income taxes	(21)	224
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Net change in accounts payable related to property and equipment additions	75	(2,168)
Net change in deposits and prepaid for equipment related to property and equipment additions	$ 304	$ 0

Note 1 - Description of Business

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Business Description and Basis of Presentation [Text Block]

Note 1. Description of Business

Business Overview

Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. (“AOI” or the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation. The Company is a leading, vertically integrated provider of fiber-optic networking products, primarily for four networking end-markets: internet data center, cable television ("CATV"), telecommunications ("telecom") and fiber-to-the-home ("FTTH"). The Company designs and manufactures a wide range of optical communications products at varying levels of integration, from components, subassemblies and modules to complete turn-key equipment.

The Company has manufacturing and research and development facilities located in the U.S., Taiwan and China. In the U.S., at its corporate headquarters and manufacturing facilities in Sugar Land, Texas, the Company primarily manufactures lasers and laser components and performs research and development activities for laser component and optical module products. In addition, the Company also has a research and development facility in Duluth, Georgia. The Company operates in Taipei, Taiwan and Ningbo, China through its wholly-owned subsidiary Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands). Prime World operates a branch in Taipei, Taiwan, which primarily manufactures transceivers and performs research and development activities for the transceiver products. Prime World is also the parent of Global Technology, Inc. (“Global”, incorporated in the People’s Republic of China). Through Global, the Company primarily manufactures certain of its data center transceiver products, including subassemblies, as well as CATV systems and equipment, and performs research and development activities for the CATV products.

Interim Financial Statements

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim information and with the instructions on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In accordance with those rules and regulations, the Company has omitted certain information and notes required by GAAP for annual consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, except as otherwise noted, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the entire fiscal year. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates and assumptions that impact these financial statements and the accompanying notes relate to, among other things, allowance for credit losses, inventory reserve, product warranty costs, share-based compensation expense, estimated useful lives of property and equipment, and taxes.

Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the significant accounting policies described in its 2019 Annual Report, except as described below.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2020

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the way entities measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net earnings. The Company adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2020. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements as current processes for estimating expected credit losses for trade receivables align with the expected credit loss model. The Company estimates its allowance for credit losses based on historical collection trends, the age of outstanding receivables, geographical location of the customer, existing economic conditions and reasonable forecasts, If events or changes in circumstances indicate that specific receivable balances may be impaired, further consideration is given to the collectability of those balances and the allowance is adjusted accordingly.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Yet to be Adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes”. The Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") aims to identify, evaluate, and improve areas of GAAP for which cost and complexity can be reduced while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. The Company is still assessing the impact of this pronouncement to the financial statements.

Note 3 - Revenue Recognition

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]

Note 3. Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenue

Revenue is classified based on the location of where the product is manufactured. For additional information on the disaggregated revenues by geographical region, see Note 17, "Geographic Information.”

Revenue is also classified by major product category and is presented below (in thousands):

	*Three months ended March 31,*
			*% of*					*% of*
	*2020*		*Revenue*			*2019*		*Revenue*
Data Center	$	33,264		82.2	%	$	38,499		73.0	%
CATV		4,223		10.4	%		11,962		22.7	%
Telecom		2,560		6.3	%		1,738		3.3	%
FTTH		—		0.0	%		94		0.2	%
Other		420		1.0	%		426		0.8	%
Total Revenue	$	40,467		100.0	%	$	52,719		100.0	%

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130558-203045

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

+ Details

Note 4 - Operating Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Lessee, Operating and Finance Leases [Text Block]

Note 4. Leases

The Company leases space under non-cancelable operating leases for manufacturing facilities, research and development offices and certain storage facilities and apartments. These leases do not contain contingent rent provisions. The Company also leases certain machinery, office equipment and a vehicle. Many of its leases include both lease (e.g. fixed payments including rent, taxes, and insurance costs) and non-lease components (e.g. common-area or other maintenance costs) which are accounted for as a single lease component as the Company has elected the practical expedient to group lease and non-lease components for all leases. Several of the leases include one or more options to renew which have been assessed and either included or excluded from the calculation of the lease liability of the right of use ("ROU") asset based on management’s intentions and individual fact patterns. Several warehouses and apartments have non-cancelable lease terms of less than one-year and therefore, the Company has elected the practical expedient to exclude these short-term leases from its ROU asset and lease liabilities.

As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Based on the applicable lease terms and current economic environment, the Company applies a location approach for determining the incremental borrowing rate.

The Components of lease expense were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Operating lease expense	$	295	$	323
Financing lease expense		8		—
Short Term lease expense		21		29
Total lease expense	$	324	$	352

Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows for the future one-year periods ending March 31, (in thousands):

Operating Financing

2021
$ 1,266 $ 22

2022
1,222 22

2023
1,155 22

2024
1,099 60

2025
1,100 —

2026 and thereafter
4,795 —

Total lease payments
$ 10,637 $ 126

Less imputed interest
(1,821 ) (14 )

Present value
$ 8,816 $ 112

The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for operating leases were as follows for the periods indicated:

March 31,

March 31,

2020

2019

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) - operating leases
8.87 9.81

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) - financing leases
3.57 —

Weighted Average Discount Rate - operating leases
3.17 % 3.17 %

Weighted Average Discount Rate - financing leases
5.00 % —

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Three months ended March 31,

2020

2019

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities

Operating cash flows from operating leases
318 332

Operating cash flows from financing lease
1 —

Financing cash flows from financing lease
4 —

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
261 —

Note 5 - Cash; Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Cash and Cash Equivalents Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 5. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the statement of financial position that sum to the total of the same such amounts in the statement of cash flows (in thousands):

	*March 31,*		*December 31,*
	*2020*		*2019*
Cash and cash equivalents	$	55,908	$	59,977
Restricted cash		6,609		7,051
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	62,517	$	67,028

Restricted cash includes guarantee deposits for customs duties and compensating balances required for certain credit facilities. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there was $3.1 million and $1.9 million of restricted cash required for bank acceptance notes issued to vendors, respectively. In addition, there was $2.6 million and $4.2 million certificate of deposit associated with credit facilities with a bank in China as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 respectively.

Note 6 - Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

Note 6. Earnings Per Share

Basic net loss per share has been computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share has been computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and dilutive potential common shares from stock options, restricted stock units and senior convertible notes outstanding during the period. In periods with net losses, normally dilutive shares become anti-dilutive. Therefore, basic and diluted earnings per share are the same.

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*Three months ended March 31,*
	*2020*			*2019*
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(16,797	)	$	(10,474	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares used to compute net loss per share
Basic		20,208			19,863
Diluted		20,208			19,863
Net loss per share
Basic	$	(0.83	)	$	(0.53	)
Diluted	$	(0.83	)	$	(0.53	)

The following potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the diluted net loss per share as their effect would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

	*Three months ended March 31,*
	*2020*		*2019*
Employee stock options		26		93
Restricted stock units		22		10
Shares for convertible senior notes		4,587		4,587
Total antidilutive shares		4,635		4,690

Note 7 - Inventories

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Inventory Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 7. Inventories

Inventories, net of inventory write-downs, consist of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*March 31, 2020*		*December 31, 2019*
Raw materials	$	24,177	$	15,570
Work in process and sub-assemblies		50,441		50,787
Finished goods		12,491		18,671
Total inventories	$	87,109	$	85,028

The lower of cost or market adjustment expensed for inventory for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the direct inventory write-offs related to scrap, discontinued products, and damaged inventories were $2.5 million and $2.8 million, respectively.

Note 8 - Property, Plant and Equipment

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 8. Property, Plant & Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*March 31, 2020*			*December 31, 2019*
Land improvements	$	806		$	806
Building and improvements		83,769			83,846
Machinery and equipment		237,444			237,464
Furniture and fixtures		5,101			5,105
Computer equipment and software		10,663			10,506
Transportation equipment		650			658
		338,433			338,385
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(121,682	)		(116,979	)
		216,751			221,406
Construction in progress		25,865			25,937
Land		1,101			1,101
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	243,717		$	248,444

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, depreciation expense of property, plant and equipment was $5.9 million and $5.8 million, respectively. Capitalized interest for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $0.3 million.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company concluded that its continued loss history constitutes a triggering event as described in ASC 360-10-35-21,Property, Plant, and Equipment. The Company performed a recoverability test and concluded that future undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying amount of the Company’s long-lived assets and therefore no impairment charge was recorded.

Note 9 - Intangible Assets, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 9. Intangible Assets, net

Intangible assets consisted of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*March 31, 2020*
	*Gross*		*Accumulated*			*Intangible*
	*Amount*		*amortization*			*assets, net*
Patents	$	7,744	$	(3,697	)	$	4,047
Trademarks		18		(14	)		4
Total intangible assets	$	7,762	$	(3,711	)	$	4,051

	*December 31, 2019*
	*Gross*		*Accumulated*			*Intangible*
	*Amount*		*amortization*			*assets, net*
Patents	$	7,638	$	(3,560	)	$	4,078
Trademarks		17		(14	)		3
Total intangible assets	$	7,655	$	(3,574	)	$	4,081

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, amortization expense for intangible assets, included in general and administrative expenses on the income statement, was each $0.1 million. The remaining weighted average amortization period for intangible assets is approximately 7 years.

At March 31, 2020, future amortization expense for intangible assets is estimated to be (in thousands):

2021	$	543
2022		543
2023		543
2024		543
2025		543
thereafter		1,336
	$	4,051

Note 10 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

Note 10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table represents a summary of the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*As of March 31, 2020*								*As of December 31, 2019*
	*(Level 1)*		*(Level 2)*		*(Level 3)*		*Total*		*(Level 1)*		*(Level 2)*		*(Level 3)*		*Total*
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	55,908	$	—	$	—	$	55,908	$	59,977	$	—	$	—	$	59,977
Restricted cash		6,609		—		—		6,609		7,051		—		—		7,051
Total assets	$	62,517	$	—	$	—	$	62,517	$	67,028	$	—	$	—	$	67,028
Liabilities:
Bank acceptance payable		—	$	9,550		—	$	9,550		—	$	6,310		—		6,310
Convertible senior notes		—		59,973		—		59,973		—		77,191		—		77,191
Total liabilities	$	—	$	69,523	$	—	$	69,523	$	—	$	83,501	$	—	$	83,501

The carrying value amounts of accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. The carrying value amounts of bank acceptacne approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the debt since it renews frequently at current interest rates. The Company believes that the interest rates in effect at each period end represent the current market rates for similar borrowings.

The fair value of its convertible senior debt is measured for disclosure purpose. These fair value is based on observable market prices for this debt, which is traded in less active markets and are therefore classified as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Note 12 - Convertible Senior Notes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Convertible Debt [Text Block]

Note 12. Convertible Senior Notes

On March 5, 2019, the Company issued $80.5 million of 5% convertible senior notes due 2024 (the “Notes”). The Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of March 5, 2019 (the “Indenture”), between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, paying agent, and conversion agent (the “Trustee”). The Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.00% per year, payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2019. The Notes will mature on March 15, 2024, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms.

The sale of the Notes generated net proceeds of $76.4 million, after deducting the Initial Purchasers’ discounts and offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company used approximately $37.8 million of the net proceeds from the offering to fully repay the CapEx Loan and Term Loan with Truist Bank and the remainder will be used for general corporate purposes.

The following table presents the carrying value of the Notes for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*March 31,*			*December 31,*
	*2020*			*2019*
Principal	$	80,500		$	80,500
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(3,265	)		(3,459	)
Net carrying amount	$	77,235		$	77,041

The Notes are convertible at the option of holders of the Notes at any time until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. Upon conversion, holders of the Notes will receive shares of the Company’s common stock, together, if applicable, with cash in lieu of any fractional share, at the then-applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is 56.9801 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (representing an initial conversion price of approximately $17.55 per share of common stock, which represents an initial conversion premium of approximately 30% above the closing price of $13.50 per share of the Company’s common stock on February 28, 2019), subject to customary adjustments. If a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture) occurs, and in connection with certain other conversions before March 15, 2022, the Company will in certain circumstances increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.

Initially there are no guarantors of the Notes, but the Notes will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior, unsecured basis by certain of the Company’s future domestic subsidiaries. The Notes are the Company’s senior, unsecured obligations and are equal in right of payment with existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness, senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the Notes and effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness. The Note Guarantee (as defined in the Indenture) of each future guarantor, if any, will be such guarantor’s senior, unsecured obligations and are equal in right of payment with existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness, senior in right of payment to such future guarantor’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the Notes and effectively subordinated to such future guarantor’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness.

Holders may require the Company to repurchase their Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture) at a cash purchase price equal to the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.

The Company may not redeem the Notes prior to March 15, 2022. On or after March 15, 2022, the Company may redeem for cash all or part of the Notes if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such redemption notice. The redemption price is equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, calling any Note for redemption will constitute a “make-whole fundamental change” with respect to that Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that Note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption.

The Indenture contains covenants that limit the Company’s ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to, among other things: (i) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue disqualified stock; and (ii) create or incur liens.

Pursuant to the guidance in ASC 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, the Company evaluated whether the conversion feature of the note needed to be bifurcated from the host instrument as a freestanding financial instrument. Under ASC 815-40, to qualify for equity classification (or non-bifurcation, if embedded) the instrument (or embedded feature) must be both (1) indexed to the issuer’s own stock and (2) meet the requirements of the equity classification guidance. Based upon the Company’s analysis, it was determined the conversion option is indexed to its own stock and also met all the criteria for equity classification contained in ASC 815-40-25-7 and 815-40-25-10. Accordingly, the conversion option is not required to be bifurcated from the host instrument as a freestanding financial instrument. Since the conversion feature meets the equity scope exception from derivative accounting, the Company then evaluated whether the conversion feature needed to be separately accounted for as an equity component under ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Company determined that notes should be accounted for in their entirety as a liability.

The Company incurred approximately $4.1 million in transaction costs in connection with the issuance of the Notes. These costs were recognized as a reduction of the carrying amount of the Notes utilizing the effective interest method and are being amortized over the term of the notes.

The following table sets forth interest expense information related to the Notes (in thousands):

	*Three months ended March 31,*
	*2020*			*2019*
Contractual interest expense		1,006			233
Amortization of debt issuance costs		208			9
Total interest cost	$	1,214		$	242.00
Effective interest rate		5.1	%		5.1	%

Note 13 - Accrued Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Accounts Payable, Accrued Liabilities, and Other Liabilities Disclosure, Current [Text Block]

Note 13. Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*March 31, 2020*		*December 31, 2019*
Accrued payroll	$	5,467	$	11,009
Accrued employee benefits		2,325		2,288
Accrued state and local taxes		181		1,215
Accrued interest		210		1208
Advance payments		310		312
Accrued product warranty		661		821
Accrued commission expenses		688		420
Accrued professional fees		296		222
Accrued capital expenditures		9		—
Accrued other		530		369
Total accrued liabilities	$	10,677	$	17,864

Note 14 - Other Income and Expense

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Other Nonoperating Income and Expense [Text Block]

Note 14. Other Income and Expense

Other income and (expense) consisted of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*Three months ended March 31,*
	*2020*		*2019*
Foreign exchange transaction gain (loss)		139		(233	)
Government subsidy income		105		87
Other non-operating gain		12		—
Loss on disposal of assets		—		(9	)
Total other income (expense), net	$	256	$	(155	)

Note 15 - Share-based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

Note 15. Share-Based Compensation

Equity Plans

The Company’s board of directors and stockholders approved the following equity plans:

●

the 2006 Share Incentive Plan

●

the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (“2013 Plan”)

The Company issued stock options, restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees, consultants and non-employee directors. Stock option awards generally vest over a four year period and have a maximum term of ten years. Stock options under these plans have been granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value on the date of the grant. Nonqualified and Incentive Stock Options, RSAs and RSUs may be granted from these plans. Prior to the Company’s initial public offering in September 2013, the fair market value of the Company’s stock had been historically determined by the board of directors and from time to time with the assistance of third party valuation specialists.

Stock Options

Options have been granted to the Company’s employees under the two incentive plans and generally become exercisable as to 25% of the shares on the first anniversary date following the date of grant and 12.5% on a semi-annual basis thereafter. All options expire ten years after the date of grant.

The following is a summary of option activity (in thousands, except per share data):

					*Weighted*			*Weighted*
			*Weighted*		*Average*			*Average*
			*Average*		*Share Price*	*Weighted*		*Remaining*		*Aggregate*
	*Number of*		*Exercise*		*on Date of*	*Average*		*Contractual*		*Intrinsic*
	*shares*		*Price*		*Exercise*	*Fair Value*		*Life*		*Value*
	(in thousands, except price data)
Outstanding at January 1, 2020		281	$	10.20		$	5.32			$	573
Exercised		—		—	—						—
Forfeited		—		—							—
Outstanding, March 31, 2020		281	$	10.20		$	5.32		3.37		22.6
Exercisable, March 31, 2020		281	$	10.20					3.37		22.6
Vested and expected to vest		281	$	10.20					3.37	$	23

As of March 31, 2020, there was no unrecognized stock option expense.

Restricted Stock Units/Awards

The following is a summary of RSU/RSA activity (in thousands, except per share data):

Weighted

Average Share

Weighted

Aggregate

Number of

Price on Date

Average Fair

Intrinsic

shares

of Release

Value

Value

(in thousands, except price data)

Outstanding at January 1, 2020
770

$ 25.18 $ 9,143

Granted 1,090 11.62 12,671

Released
(137 ) $ 12.70 24.17 1,746

Cancelled/Forfeited
(14 )

17.18 107

Outstanding, March 31, 2020 1,709 16.67 12,969

Vested and expected to vest 1,709 16.67 12,969

As of March 31, 2020, there was $26.0 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to these RSUs and RSAs. This expense is expected to be recognized over 2.73 years.

Share-Based Compensation

Employee share-based compensation expenses recognized for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Three months ended

March 31,

2020

2019

Share-based compensation - by expense type

Cost of goods sold
$ 246 $ 188

Research and development
688 640

Sales and marketing
291 271

General and administrative
2,013 1,843

Total share-based compensation expense
$ 3,238 $ 2,942

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, share-based compensation expenses in related to restricted stock units was $3.2 million and $2.9 million, respectively.

Note 16 - Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 16. Income Taxes

The Company’s tax provision or benefit from income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. The Company’s quarterly tax provision, and its quarterly estimate of its annual effective tax rate, are subject to significant variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting its pre-tax income and loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, tax law developments and relative changes in permanent tax benefits or expenses.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was 10.9% and 19.1%, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the effective tax rate varied from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the level and mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions, and the change of the valuation allowance on the US and state deferred tax assets. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the effective tax rate varied from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the level and mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions, share-based compensation, tax benefits related to research and development and recognition of the U.S. global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI").

In response to the global pandemic related to COVID-19, the President signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act provides numerous relief provisions for corporate taxpayers, including modification of the utilization limitations on net operating losses, favorable expansions of the deduction for business interest expense under Internal Revenue Code Section 163(j), and the ability to accelerate timing of refundable AMT credits. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, there were no material tax impacts to our condensed consolidated financial statements as it relates to COVID-19 measures. The Company continues to monitor additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Services and others.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References + Details

Note 17 - Geographic Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 17. Geographic Information

The Company operates in one reportable segment. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is considered to be the chief operating decision maker, manages the Company’s operations as a whole and reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by information about product revenue, for purposes of evaluating financial performance and allocating resources.

The following tables set forth the Company’s revenue and asset information by geographic region. Revenue is classified based on the location of where the product is manufactured. Long-lived assets in the tables below comprise only property, plant, equipment and intangible assets (in thousands):

	*Three months ended March 31,*
	*2020*		*2019*
Revenues:
United States	$	3,761	$	1,998
Taiwan		23,514		24,020
China		13,192		26,701
	$	40,467	$	52,719

	*As of the period ended*
	*March 31,*		*December 31,*
	*2020*		*2019*
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	94,322	$	94,507
Taiwan		72,646		73,816
China		94,037		97,687
	$	261,005	$	266,010

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 31
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8924-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 34
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8981-108599

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8721-108599

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
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+ Details

Note 18 - Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 18. Contingencies

Litigation

Overview

From time to time, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, inquiries, investigations, audits and other regulatory proceedings, such as described below. The Company records a loss provision when it believes it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Unless otherwise disclosed, the Company is unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss for the legal proceeding described below.

Except for the lawsuits described below, the Company believes that there are no claims or actions pending or threatened against it, the ultimate disposition of which would have a material adverse effect on it.

Class Action and Shareholder Derivative Litigation

On August 5, 2017, a lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas against the Company and two of its officers in Mona Abouzied v. Applied Optoelectronics, Inc., Chih-Hsiang (Thompson) Lin, and Stefan J. Murry, et al., Case No. 4:17-cv-02399. The complaint in this matter seeks class action status on behalf of the Company’s shareholders, alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act against the Company, its chief executive officer, and its chief financial officer, arising out of its announcement on August 3, 2017 that “we see softer than expected demand for our 40G solutions with one of our large customers that will offset the sequential growth and increased demand we expect in 100G.” A second, related action was filed by Plaintiff Chad Ludwig on August 16, 2017 (Case No. 4:17-cv-02512) in the Southern District of Texas. The two cases were consolidated before Judge Vanessa D. Gilmore. On January 22, 2018, the court appointed Lawrence Rougier as Lead Plaintiff and Levi & Korsinsky LLP as Lead Counsel. Lead Plaintiff filed an amended consolidated class action complaint on March 6, 2018. The amended complaint requests unspecified damages and other relief. The Company filed a motion to dismiss on April 4, 2018, which was denied on March 28, 2019. The Company disputes the allegations, and intends to continue to vigorously defend against these claims. On May 15, 2019, Lead Plaintiff filed a motion for leave to amend the consolidated class action complaint for the purpose of adding named Plaintiffs Richard Hamilton, Kenneth X. Luthy, Roy H. Cetlin, and John Kugel (together with Lead Plaintiff Lawrence Rougier, “Plaintiffs”) to the case. The court granted the motion on May 16, 2019. The substantive allegations in the Plaintiffs’ operative second amended consolidated class action complaint remain unchanged. On May 28, 2019, Plaintiffs filed a motion seeking to certify the case as a class action pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 and seeking appointment of Plaintiffs as class representatives and Levi & Korsinsky as class counsel. On July 12, 2019, the Company filed a response in opposition to the motion for class certification, and on August 26, 2019, Plaintiffs filed their Reply Brief. On November 13, 2019, the Magistrate Judge issued a Memorandum and Recommendation recommending that the Plaintiffs’ motion for class certification be granted, to which Defendants filed written objections on November 27, 2019. On December 11, 2019, Plaintiffs filed a response in opposition to Defendants’ objections, and on December 16, 2019, Defendants filed their reply brief. The court entered an order adopting the Magistrate Judge’s Memorandum and Recommendation over Defendants’ objections on December 20, 2019. Thereafter, on January 3, 2020, Defendants filed a petition for permission to appeal the class certification order to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. Plaintiffs filed an answer in opposition to Defendants’ petition on January 13, 2020, and Defendants filed a reply brief in further support of the petition for permission to appeal on January 21, 2020. On January 23, 2020, Defendants filed an unopposed motion in the Fifth Circuit requesting that the court stay further proceedings for 90 days to allow the parties to conduct settlement negotiations. The Fifth Circuit entered an order granting the motion on January 24, 2020. On April 7, 2020, by joint motion of the parties, the Fifth Circuit extended the order for another 40 days, up to and including June 2, 2020. The case is currently in the discovery phase, and fact discovery is scheduled to be completed by October 1, 2020. At this stage, the Company is not yet able to determine the likelihood of loss, if any, arising from this matter.

On August 7, 2018, Plaintiff Lei Jin filed a purported derivative action on behalf of nominal defendant Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas against the Company’s chief executive officer, chief financial officer and board of directors (Case No. 4:18-cv-02713). This case was consolidated with a later filed derivative lawsuit filed by Plaintiff Yiu Kwong Ng in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas (Case No. 4:18-cv-4751). The allegations in the consolidated derivative complaints are substantially similar to those underlying the Abouzied securities class action and the Taneja securities class action discussed below. The consolidated derivative action is currently stayed. At this stage, the Company is not yet able to determine the likelihood of loss, if any, arising from this matter.

On October 1, 2018, a lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas against the Company and two of its officers in Gaurav Taneja v. Applied Optoelectronics, Inc., Thompson Lin, and Stefan Murry, Case No. 4:18-cv-03544. The complaint in this matter seeks class action status on behalf of the Company’s shareholders, alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act against the Company, its chief executive officer, and its chief financial officer, arising out of its announcement on September 28, 2018 that it was revising its third quarter revenue guidance due to “an issue with a small percentage of 25G lasers within a specific customer environment.” This case was consolidated with two identical cases styled Davin Pokoik v. Applied Optoelectronics, Inc., Chih-Hsiang Lin, and Stefan J. Murry, Case No. 4:18-cv-3722 and Stephen McGrath v. Applied Optoelectronics, Inc., Chih-Hsiang Lin, and Stefan J. Murry. Mark Naglich was appointed as Lead Plaintiff on the consolidated matter on January 4, 2019. Lead Plaintiff filed an amended consolidated complaint on March 5, 2019, and the Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended consolidated complaint on May 6, 2019. On July 5, 2019, Plaintiff filed a response in opposition to the motion to dismiss, and the Company filed its reply brief in further support of the motion on August 5, 2019. On January 29, 2020, the district court entered an order granting Defendants’ motion to dismiss and dismissing the amended consolidated complaint with prejudice. The court also entered an order denying Lead Plaintiff’s request for leave to further amend the complaint, and entered a final judgment terminating the case.

Note 19 - Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Subsequent Events [Text Block]

Note 19. Subsequent Events

On April 1, 2020, the Company repaid its revolving bank line of credit with Truist of $20 million.

On April 17, 2020, the Company entered into a term note with Truist Bank, with a principal amount of $6.23 million pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP Term Note”) under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The PPP Loan is evidenced by a promissory note. The PPP Term Note bears interest at a fixed annual rate of 1.00%, with the first six months of interest deferred. Beginning in November 2020, the Company will make 18 equal monthly payments of principal and interest with the final payment due in April 2022. The PPP Term Note may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default.

The PPP Term Note is unsecured and guaranteed by the United States Small Business Administration. The Company may apply for forgiveness of the PPP Term Note, with the amount which may be forgiven equal to the sum of payroll costs, covered rent and mortgage obligations, and covered utility payments incurred by the Company during the eight-week period beginning upon receipt of PPP Term Note funds, calculated in accordance with the terms of the CARES Act. At this time, we are not in a position to quantify the portion of the PPP Term Note that will be forgiven.

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	3 Months Ended
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Mar. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Business Overview [Policy Text Block]	Business Overview Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. (“AOI” or the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation. The Company is a leading, vertically integrated provider of fiber-optic networking products, primarily for four networking end-markets: internet data center, cable television ("CATV"), telecommunications ("telecom") and fiber-to-the-home ("FTTH"). The Company designs and manufactures a wide range of optical communications products at varying levels of integration, from components, subassemblies and modules to complete turn-key equipment. The Company has manufacturing and research and development facilities located in the U.S., Taiwan and China. In the U.S., at its corporate headquarters and manufacturing facilities in Sugar Land, Texas, the Company primarily manufactures lasers and laser components and performs research and development activities for laser component and optical module products. In addition, the Company also has a research and development facility in Duluth, Georgia. The Company operates in Taipei, Taiwan and Ningbo, China through its wholly-owned subsidiary Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands). Prime World operates a branch in Taipei, Taiwan, which primarily manufactures transceivers and performs research and development activities for the transceiver products. Prime World is also the parent of Global Technology, Inc. (“Global”, incorporated in the People’s Republic of China). Through Global, the Company primarily manufactures certain of its data center transceiver products, including subassemblies, as well as CATV systems and equipment, and performs research and development activities for the CATV products.
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Interim Financial Statements The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim information and with the instructions on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In accordance with those rules and regulations, the Company has omitted certain information and notes required by GAAP for annual consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, except as otherwise noted, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the entire fiscal year. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates and assumptions that impact these financial statements and the accompanying notes relate to, among other things, allowance for credit losses, inventory reserve, product warranty costs, share-based compensation expense, estimated useful lives of property and equipment, and taxes.
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2020 In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the way entities measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net earnings. The Company adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2020. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements as current processes for estimating expected credit losses for trade receivables align with the expected credit loss model. The Company estimates its allowance for credit losses based on historical collection trends, the age of outstanding receivables, geographical location of the customer, existing economic conditions and reasonable forecasts, If events or changes in circumstances indicate that specific receivable balances may be impaired, further consideration is given to the collectability of those balances and the allowance is adjusted accordingly. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Yet to be Adopted In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes”. The Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") aims to identify, evaluate, and improve areas of GAAP for which cost and complexity can be reduced while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. The Company is still assessing the impact of this pronouncement to the financial statements.

Note 3 - Revenue Recognition (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]

	*Three months ended March 31,*
			*% of*					*% of*
	*2020*		*Revenue*			*2019*		*Revenue*
Data Center	$	33,264		82.2	%	$	38,499		73.0	%
CATV		4,223		10.4	%		11,962		22.7	%
Telecom		2,560		6.3	%		1,738		3.3	%
FTTH		—		0.0	%		94		0.2	%
Other		420		1.0	%		426		0.8	%
Total Revenue	$	40,467		100.0	%	$	52,719		100.0	%

Note 4 - Operating Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]

	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Operating lease expense	$	295	$	323
Financing lease expense		8		—
Short Term lease expense		21		29
Total lease expense	$	324	$	352

	March 31,			March 31,
	2020			2019
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) - operating leases		8.87			9.81
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) - financing leases		3.57			—
Weighted Average Discount Rate - operating leases		3.17	%		3.17	%
Weighted Average Discount Rate - financing leases		5.00	%		—

	*Three months ended March 31,*
	*2020*		*2019*
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases		318		332
Operating cash flows from financing lease		1		—
Financing cash flows from financing lease		4		—
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		261		—

Lessee, Operating and Finance Lease, Liability, Maturity [Table Text Block]

		*Operating*			*Financing*
2021	$	1,266		$	22
2022		1,222			22
2023		1,155			22
2024		1,099			60
2025		1,100			—
2026 and thereafter		4,795			—
Total lease payments	$	10,637		$	126
Less imputed interest		(1,821	)		(14	)
Present value	$	8,816		$	112

Note 5 - Cash; Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents [Table Text Block]

	*March 31,*		*December 31,*
	*2020*		*2019*
Cash and cash equivalents	$	55,908	$	59,977
Restricted cash		6,609		7,051
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	62,517	$	67,028

Note 6 - Earnings Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

	*Three months ended March 31,*
	*2020*			*2019*
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(16,797	)	$	(10,474	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares used to compute net loss per share
Basic		20,208			19,863
Diluted		20,208			19,863
Net loss per share
Basic	$	(0.83	)	$	(0.53	)
Diluted	$	(0.83	)	$	(0.53	)

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]

	*Three months ended March 31,*
	*2020*		*2019*
Employee stock options		26		93
Restricted stock units		22		10
Shares for convertible senior notes		4,587		4,587
Total antidilutive shares		4,635		4,690

Note 7 - Inventories (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]

	*March 31, 2020*		*December 31, 2019*
Raw materials	$	24,177	$	15,570
Work in process and sub-assemblies		50,441		50,787
Finished goods		12,491		18,671
Total inventories	$	87,109	$	85,028

Note 8 - Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]

	*March 31, 2020*			*December 31, 2019*
Land improvements	$	806		$	806
Building and improvements		83,769			83,846
Machinery and equipment		237,444			237,464
Furniture and fixtures		5,101			5,105
Computer equipment and software		10,663			10,506
Transportation equipment		650			658
		338,433			338,385
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(121,682	)		(116,979	)
		216,751			221,406
Construction in progress		25,865			25,937
Land		1,101			1,101
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	243,717		$	248,444

Note 9 - Intangible Assets, Net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]

	*March 31, 2020*
	*Gross*		*Accumulated*			*Intangible*
	*Amount*		*amortization*			*assets, net*
Patents	$	7,744	$	(3,697	)	$	4,047
Trademarks		18		(14	)		4
Total intangible assets	$	7,762	$	(3,711	)	$	4,051

	*December 31, 2019*
	*Gross*		*Accumulated*			*Intangible*
	*Amount*		*amortization*			*assets, net*
Patents	$	7,638	$	(3,560	)	$	4,078
Trademarks		17		(14	)		3
Total intangible assets	$	7,655	$	(3,574	)	$	4,081

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense [Table Text Block]

2021	$	543
2022		543
2023		543
2024		543
2025		543
thereafter		1,336
	$	4,051

Note 10 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

	*As of March 31, 2020*								*As of December 31, 2019*
	*(Level 1)*		*(Level 2)*		*(Level 3)*		*Total*		*(Level 1)*		*(Level 2)*		*(Level 3)*		*Total*
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	55,908	$	—	$	—	$	55,908	$	59,977	$	—	$	—	$	59,977
Restricted cash		6,609		—		—		6,609		7,051		—		—		7,051
Total assets	$	62,517	$	—	$	—	$	62,517	$	67,028	$	—	$	—	$	67,028
Liabilities:
Bank acceptance payable		—	$	9,550		—	$	9,550		—	$	6,310		—		6,310
Convertible senior notes		—		59,973		—		59,973		—		77,191		—		77,191
Total liabilities	$	—	$	69,523	$	—	$	69,523	$	—	$	83,501	$	—	$	83,501

Note 11 - Notes Payable and Long-term Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Debt [Table Text Block]

	*March 31, 2020*			*December 31, 2019*
Revolving line of credit with a U.S. bank up to $20,000 with interest at LIBOR plus 1.5% , maturing April 2, 2021	$	20,000		$	20,000
Revolving line of credit with a Taiwan bank up to $3,336 with 2.2% interest, maturing July 31, 2020		3,309			3,336
Notes payable to a finance company due in monthly installments with 3.4% interest, maturing November 30, 2021		3,676			4,262
Notes payable to a finance company due in monthly installments with 3.1% interest, maturing January 21, 2022		4,044			4,633
Revolving line of credit with a Taiwan bank up to $2,668 with interest of 1.7%, maturing April 11, 2020		2,647			2,668
Revolving line of credit with a China bank up to $25,449 with interest of 4.57%, maturing May 24, 2024		12,729			7,919
Credit facility with a China bank up to $7,167 with interest of 5.7%, maturing June 20, 2022		7,057			7,167
Sub-total		53,462			49,985
Less debt issuance costs, net		(51	)		(62	)
Grand total		53,411			49,923
Less current portion		(38,096	)		(33,371	)
Non-current portion	$	15,315		$	16,552

Bank Acceptance Notes Payable
Bank acceptance notes issued to vendors with a zero percent interest rate	$	9,550		$	6,310

Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt [Table Text Block]

2021		38,096
2022		9,738
2023		5,628
Total outstanding	$	53,462

Note 12 - Convertible Senior Notes (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Convertible Debt [Table Text Block]

	*March 31,*			*December 31,*
	*2020*			*2019*
Principal	$	80,500		$	80,500
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(3,265	)		(3,459	)
Net carrying amount	$	77,235		$	77,041

Interest Income and Interest Expense Disclosure [Table Text Block]

	*Three months ended March 31,*
	*2020*			*2019*
Contractual interest expense		1,006			233
Amortization of debt issuance costs		208			9
Total interest cost	$	1,214		$	242.00
Effective interest rate		5.1	%		5.1	%

Note 13 - Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]

	*March 31, 2020*		*December 31, 2019*
Accrued payroll	$	5,467	$	11,009
Accrued employee benefits		2,325		2,288
Accrued state and local taxes		181		1,215
Accrued interest		210		1208
Advance payments		310		312
Accrued product warranty		661		821
Accrued commission expenses		688		420
Accrued professional fees		296		222
Accrued capital expenditures		9		—
Accrued other		530		369
Total accrued liabilities	$	10,677	$	17,864

Note 14 - Other Income and Expense (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Table Text Block]

	*Three months ended March 31,*
	*2020*		*2019*
Foreign exchange transaction gain (loss)		139		(233	)
Government subsidy income		105		87
Other non-operating gain		12		—
Loss on disposal of assets		—		(9	)
Total other income (expense), net	$	256	$	(155	)

Note 15 - Share-based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]

					*Weighted*			*Weighted*
			*Weighted*		*Average*			*Average*
			*Average*		*Share Price*	*Weighted*		*Remaining*		*Aggregate*
	*Number of*		*Exercise*		*on Date of*	*Average*		*Contractual*		*Intrinsic*
	*shares*		*Price*		*Exercise*	*Fair Value*		*Life*		*Value*
	(in thousands, except price data)
Outstanding at January 1, 2020		281	$	10.20		$	5.32			$	573
Exercised		—		—	—						—
Forfeited		—		—							—
Outstanding, March 31, 2020		281	$	10.20		$	5.32		3.37		22.6
Exercisable, March 31, 2020		281	$	10.20					3.37		22.6
Vested and expected to vest		281	$	10.20					3.37	$	23

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock Unit, Activity [Table Text Block]

				*Weighted*
				*Average Share*		*Weighted*		*Aggregate*
	*Number of*			*Price on Date*		*Average Fair*		*Intrinsic*
	*shares*			*of Release*		*Value*		*Value*
	(in thousands, except price data)
Outstanding at January 1, 2020		770				$	25.18	$	9,143
Granted		1,090					11.62		12,671
Released		(137	)	$	12.70		24.17		1,746
Cancelled/Forfeited		(14	)				17.18		107
Outstanding, March 31, 2020		1,709					16.67		12,969
Vested and expected to vest		1,709					16.67		12,969

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Table Text Block]

	*Three months ended*
	*March 31,*
	*2020*		*2019*
Share-based compensation - by expense type
Cost of goods sold	$	246	$	188
Research and development		688		640
Sales and marketing		291		271
General and administrative		2,013		1,843
Total share-based compensation expense	$	3,238	$	2,942

Note 17 - Geographic Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Tables

Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas [Table Text Block]

	*Three months ended March 31,*
	*2020*		*2019*
Revenues:
United States	$	3,761	$	1,998
Taiwan		23,514		24,020
China		13,192		26,701
	$	40,467	$	52,719

Long-lived Assets by Geographic Areas [Table Text Block]

	*As of the period ended*
	*March 31,*		*December 31,*
	*2020*		*2019*
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	94,322	$	94,507
Taiwan		72,646		73,816
China		94,037		97,687
	$	261,005	$	266,010

Note 3 - Revenue Recognition - Revenue by Major Product Category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Total Revenue	$ 40,467	$ 52,719
Percent of Revenue	100.00%	100.00%
Data Center [Member]
Total Revenue	$ 33,264	$ 38,499
Percent of Revenue	82.20%	73.00%
CATV [Member]
Total Revenue	$ 4,223	$ 11,962
Percent of Revenue	10.40%	22.70%
Telecom [Member]
Total Revenue	$ 2,560	$ 1,738
Percent of Revenue	6.30%	3.30%
FTTH [Member]
Total Revenue	$ 0	$ 94
Percent of Revenue	0.00%	0.20%
Product and Service, Other [Member]
Total Revenue	$ 420	$ 426
Percent of Revenue	1.00%	0.80%

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

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+ Details

Note 4 - Operating Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Operating lease expense	$ 295	$ 323
Financing lease expense	8	0
Short Term lease expense	21	29
Total lease expense	$ 324	$ 352
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) - operating leases (Year)	8 years 10 months 13 days	9 years 9 months 21 days
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) - financing leases (Year)	3 years 6 months 25 days
Weighted Average Discount Rate - operating leases	3.17%	3.17%
Weighted Average Discount Rate - financing leases	5.00%	0.00%
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 318	$ 332
Operating cash flows from financing lease	1	0
Financing cash flows from financing lease	4	0
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 261	$ 0

Note 4 - Operating Leases - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
2021, operating leases	$ 1,266
2021, financing leases	22
2022, operating leases	1,222
2022, financing leases	22
2023, operating leases	1,155
2023, financing leases	22
2024, operating leases	1,099
2024, financing leases	60
2025, operating leases	1,100
2025, financing leases	0
2025 and thereafter, operating leases	4,795
2025 and thereafter, financing leases	0
Total operating lease payments	10,637
Total financing lease payments	126
Less imputed interest, operating leases	(1,821)
Less imputed interest, financing leases	(14)
Present value, operating leases	8,816
Present value, financing leases	$ 112

Note 5 - Cash; Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current, Total	$ 6,609	$ 7,051
CHINA
Certificates of Deposit, at Carrying Value	2,600	4,200
Bankers Acceptance [Member]
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current, Total	$ 3,100	$ 1,900

Note 5 - Cash; Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 55,908	$ 59,977
Restricted cash	6,609	7,051
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$ 62,517	$ 67,028	$ 77,459	$ 58,004

Note 6 - Earnings Per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Net loss	$ (16,797)	$ (10,474)
Basic (in shares)	20,208,383	19,863,090
Diluted (in shares)	20,208,383	19,863,090
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.53)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.53)

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

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- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

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+ Details

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

Note 6 - Earnings Per Share - Potentially Dilutive Securities Excluded from Diluted Net Income (Loss) per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Total antidilutive shares (in shares)	4,635	4,690
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Total antidilutive shares (in shares)	26	93
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Total antidilutive shares (in shares)	22	10
Convertible Debt Securities [Member]
Total antidilutive shares (in shares)	4,587	4,587

Note 7 - Inventories (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Inventory, LIFO Reserve, Period Charge	$ 1,648	$ 2,287
Inventory Write-down	$ 2,500	$ 2,800

Note 7 - Inventories - Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Raw materials	$ 24,177	$ 15,570
Work in process and sub-assemblies	50,441	50,787
Finished goods	12,491	18,671
Total inventories	$ 87,109	$ 85,028

Note 8 - Property, Plant and Equipment (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Depreciation, Total	$ 5.9	$ 5.8
Interest Costs Capitalized	$ 0.3

Note 8 - Property, Plant and Equipment - Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 338,433	$ 338,385
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(121,682)	(116,979)
Property, plant and equipment, net before construction in progress and land	216,751	221,406
Property, plant and equipment, net	243,717	248,444
Land Improvements [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	806	806
Building and Building Improvements [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	83,769	83,846
Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	237,444	237,464
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	5,101	5,105
Computer Equipment and Software [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	10,663	10,506
Vehicles [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	650	658
Construction in Progress [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net	25,865	25,937
Land [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net	$ 1,101	$ 1,101

Note 9 - Intangible Assets, Net (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Amortization of Intangible Assets, Total	$ 0.1	$ 0.1
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Remaining Amortization Period (Year)	7 years

Note 9 - Intangible Assets, Net - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Intangible assets, gross amount	$ 7,762	$ 7,655
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(3,711)	(3,574)
Intangible assets, net	4,051	4,081
Patents [Member]
Intangible assets, gross amount	7,744	7,638
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(3,697)	(3,560)
Intangible assets, net	4,047	4,078
Trademarks [Member]
Intangible assets, gross amount	18	17
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(14)	(14)
Intangible assets, net	$ 4	$ 3

Note 9 - Intangible Assets, Net - Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
2021	$ 543
2022	543
2023	543
2024	543
2025	543
thereafter	1,336
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Ending Balance	$ 4,051	$ 4,081

Note 10 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 55,908	$ 59,977
Restricted cash	6,609	7,051
Total assets	62,517	67,028
Bank acceptance payable	9,550	6,310
Convertible senior notes	59,973	77,191
Total liabilities	69,523	83,501
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	55,908	59,977
Restricted cash	6,609	7,051
Total assets	62,517	67,028
Bank acceptance payable	0	0
Convertible senior notes	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Restricted cash	0	0
Total assets	0	0
Bank acceptance payable	9,550	6,310
Convertible senior notes	59,973	77,191
Total liabilities	69,523	83,501
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Restricted cash	0	0
Total assets	0	0
Bank acceptance payable	0	0
Convertible senior notes	0	0
Total liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

Note 11 - Notes Payable and Long-term Debt (Details Textual)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jul. 23, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 21, 2019 USD ($)	May 24, 2019 USD ($)	May 08, 2019 USD ($)	May 07, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 19, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 11, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 05, 2019 USD ($)	Jan. 21, 2019 USD ($)	Jan. 21, 2019 TWD ($)	Dec. 11, 2018	Nov. 29, 2018 USD ($)	Nov. 29, 2018 TWD ($)	Mar. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 28, 2017 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 21, 2019 CNY (¥)	May 24, 2019 CNY (¥)	May 07, 2019 CNY (¥)	Apr. 30, 2019 CNY (¥)	Apr. 19, 2019 CNY (¥)	Apr. 11, 2019 TWD ($)	Jan. 21, 2019 TWD ($)	Nov. 29, 2018 TWD ($)
Long-term Debt, Gross																		$ 53,462,000	$ 49,985,000
Debt Instrument, Unused Borrowing Capacity, Amount																		$ 34,700,000
LIBOR Rate																		1.00%	1.80%
Cash Collateral for Borrowed Securities																		$ 5,700,000	$ 6,100,000
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Promissory Note [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross																		$ 3,676,000	$ 4,262,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage																		3.40%	3.40%
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member] \| Promissory Note [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount														$ 6,800,000													$ 210,601,605
Long-term Debt, Gross																		$ 3,700,000
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Finance Lease Agreement 2 [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member]
Sale Leaseback Transaction, Net Proceeds, Investing Activities, Total														$ 8,700,000	$ 267,340,468
Sale Leaseback Transaction, Term (Year)														3 years	3 years
Sale Leaseback Transaction, Initial Payment														$ 2,200,000	$ 67,340,468
Sale Leaseback Transaction, Imputed Interest Rate														3.50%	3.50%
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Second Sales Contract [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member]
Sale Leaseback Transaction, Net Proceeds, Investing Activities, Total											$ 8,700,000	$ 267,333,186
Sale Leaseback Transaction, Term (Year)											3 years	3 years
Sale Leaseback Transaction, Initial Payment											$ 2,200,000	$ 67,333,186
Sale Leaseback Transaction, Imputed Interest Rate											3.10%	3.10%
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Second Sales Contract [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member] \| Promissory Note [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											$ 6,800,000															$ 209,555,736
Long-term Debt, Gross																		$ 4,000,000.0
Minimum [Member] \| Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Finance Lease Agreement 2 [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member]
Sale Leaseback Transaction, Monthly Rental Payments														$ 200,000	$ 5,571,229
Minimum [Member] \| Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Second Sales Contract [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member]
Sale Leaseback Transaction, Monthly Rental Payments											200,000	$ 5,570,167
Maximum [Member] \| Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Finance Lease Agreement 2 [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member]
Sale Leaseback Transaction, Monthly Rental Payments														$ 200,000	$ 6,139,188
Maximum [Member] \| Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Second Sales Contract [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member]
Sale Leaseback Transaction, Monthly Rental Payments											$ 200,000	$ 6,082,131
Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| CapEx Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)																5 years
Debt Instrument, Face Amount																$ 26,000,000
Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| Term Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)																70 months
Debt Instrument, Face Amount																$ 21,500,000
Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| CapEx Loan and Term Loan [Member]
Repayments of Long-term Debt, Total										$ 37,800,000
Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] \| CapEx Loan [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate																1.30%
Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] \| CapEx Loan [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate																2.00%
Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] \| Term Loan [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate																1.15%
Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] \| Term Loan [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate																2.00%
Far Eastern [Member] \| Far Eastern's Published One-Year Fixed Term Time Deposits Rate [Member] \| Far Eastern Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate									0.655%
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Effective Percentage																		1.045%
Far Eastern [Member] \| TAIFX3 Rate [Member] \| Far Eastern Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate									0.70%
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Effective Percentage																		2.75%
SPD Bank [Member] \| The SPD 30M Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage						4.32%																4.32%
SPD Bank [Member] \| The $2M Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage					2.59438%
SPD Bank [Member] \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] \| The $2M Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate					1.48%
SPD Bank [Member] \| Prime Rate [Member] \| The SPD 9.9M Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate							0.2475%
SPD Bank [Member] \| Prime Rate [Member] \| The SPD 30M Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate						0.2475%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)																3 years	3 years
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 20,000,000									$ 25,000,000						$ 60,000,000	$ 50,000,000
Debt Instrument, Unused Borrowing Capacity, Fee, Percentage	0.30%									0.20%
Line of Credit Facility, Percentage of Maximum Borrowing Capacity, Threshold for Financial Covenants	75.00%									60.00%
Fixed Charge Cover Ratio, Minimum Threshold	1.5
Long-term Line of Credit, Total																		$ 20,000,000.0
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate																	1.50%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate																1.40%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate																2.00%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| CTBC Bank Co., Ltd. [Member] \| Credit Facility with CTBC Bank Co., Ltd [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)													1 year
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Far Eastern [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity																		2,668,000	$ 2,668,000
Long-term Debt, Gross																		$ 2,647,000	$ 2,668,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage																		1.70%	1.70%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Far Eastern [Member] \| Far Eastern Credit Facility [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity									$ 2,600,000																$ 80,000,000
Long-term Line of Credit, Total																		$ 2,600,000
Debt Instrument, Term of Draw (Day)									180 days
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Taishin International Bank [Member] \| The NT$100M Credit Line [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)		1 year
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity		$ 3,300,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Taishin International Bank [Member] \| The US $1M Credit Line [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity		$ 1,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Taishin International Bank [Member] \| Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity																		3,336,000	$ 3,336,000
Long-term Debt, Gross																		$ 3,309,000	$ 3,336,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage																		2.20%	2.20%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Taishin International Bank [Member] \| Credit Facility [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member]
Long-term Line of Credit, Total																		$ 3,300,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Taishin International Bank [Member] \| Credit Facility [Member] \| Minimum [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term of Draw (Day)		90 days
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		2.20%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Taishin International Bank [Member] \| Credit Facility [Member] \| Maximum [Member] \| Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term of Draw (Day)		120 days
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		2.25%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| China Construction Bank Co., Ltd. [Member] \| China Merchants Credit Line [Member] \| Global Technology, Inc. [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)								12 months
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity								$ 8,900,000																¥ 60,000,000
Long-term Line of Credit, Total																		0
Bank Acceptances Executed																		2,400,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| SPD Bank [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity																		25,449,000	$ 25,449,000
Long-term Debt, Gross																		$ 12,729,000	$ 7,919,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage																		4.57%	4.57%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| SPD Bank [Member] \| The SPD 9.9M Credit Facility [Member] \| Global Technology, Inc. [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)							1 year
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity							$ 1,500,000																¥ 9,900,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| SPD Bank [Member] \| The SPD 30M Credit Facility [Member] \| Global Technology, Inc. [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)						1 year
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity						$ 4,500,000																¥ 30,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| SPD Bank [Member] \| The $2M Credit Facility [Member] \| Global Technology, Inc. [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)					6 months
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity					$ 2,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| SPD Bank [Member] \| The SPD Credit Line [Member] \| Global Technology, Inc. [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)				5 years
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity				$ 25,400,000																	¥ 180,000,000
Long-term Line of Credit, Total																		$ 12,700,000
Bank Acceptances Executed																		6,900,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| China Zheshang Bank Co., Ltd [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity																		7,167,000	$ 7,167,000
Long-term Debt, Gross																		$ 7,057,000	$ 7,167,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage																		5.70%	5.70%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| China Zheshang Bank Co., Ltd [Member] \| The ¥100M Credit Facility [Member] \| Global Technology, Inc. [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)			18 months
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity			$ 14,100,000																	¥ 100,000,000
Long-term Line of Credit, Total																		$ 200,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| China Zheshang Bank Co., Ltd [Member] \| The ¥50M Credit Facility [Member] \| Global Technology, Inc. [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)			3 years
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity			$ 7,100,000																	¥ 50,000,000
Long-term Line of Credit, Total																		7,100,000
Bank Acceptances Executed																		$ 28,800,000

Note 11 - Notes Payable and Long-term Debt - Schedule of Notes Payable and Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Long-term debt	$ 53,462	$ 49,985
Less debt issuance costs, net	51	62
Grand total	53,411	49,923
Less current portion	38,096	33,371
Non-current portion	15,315	16,552
Bank acceptance notes issued to vendors with a zero percent interest rate	9,550	6,310
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Promissory Note [Member]
Long-term debt	3,676	4,262
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Promissory Note 2 [Member]
Long-term debt	4,044	4,633
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| Third Amendment to Loan Agreement with BB and T [Member]
Long-term debt	20,000	20,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Taishin International Bank [Member] \| Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term debt	3,309	3,336
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Far Eastern [Member]
Long-term debt	2,647	2,668
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| SPD Bank [Member]
Long-term debt	12,729	7,919
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| China Zheshang Bank Co., Ltd [Member]
Long-term debt	$ 7,057	$ 7,167

Note 11 - Notes Payable and Long-term Debt - Schedule of Notes Payable and Long-term Debt (Details) (Parentheticals) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Mar. 05, 2019	Mar. 30, 2018	Sep. 28, 2017
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Promissory Note [Member]
Long-term debt, interest	3.40%	3.40%
Long-term debt, maturity date	Nov. 30, 2021	Nov. 30, 2021
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Promissory Note 2 [Member]
Long-term debt, interest	3.10%	3.10%
Long-term debt, maturity date	Jan. 21, 2022	Jan. 21, 2022
Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum			$ 20,000,000	$ 25,000,000	$ 60,000,000	$ 50,000,000
Far Eastern [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum	$ 2,668,000	$ 2,668,000
Long-term debt, interest	1.70%	1.70%
Long-term debt, maturity date	Apr. 11, 2020	Apr. 11, 2020
SPD Bank [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum	$ 25,449,000	$ 25,449,000
Long-term debt, interest	4.57%	4.57%
Long-term debt, maturity date	May 24, 2024	May 24, 2024
China Zheshang Bank Co., Ltd [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum	$ 7,167,000	$ 7,167,000
Long-term debt, interest	5.70%	5.70%
Long-term debt, maturity date	Jun. 20, 2022	Jun. 20, 2022
Third Amendment to Loan Agreement with BB and T [Member] \| Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum	$ 20,000,000	$ 20,000,000
Long-term debt, interest	1.50%	1.50%
Long-term debt, maturity date	Apr. 02, 2021	Apr. 02, 2021
Credit Facility [Member] \| Taishin International Bank [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum	$ 3,336,000	$ 3,336,000
Long-term debt, interest	2.20%	2.20%
Long-term debt, maturity date	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2020

Note 11 - Notes Payable and Long-term Debt - Maturities of Notes Payable and Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
2021	$ 38,096
2022	9,738
2023	5,628
Long-term Debt, Gross	$ 53,462	$ 49,985

Note 12 - Convertible Senior Notes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Mar. 05, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| CapEx Loan and Term Loan [Member]
Repayments of Long-term Debt, Total	$ 37,800,000
The 5% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 80,500,000	$ 80,500,000	$ 80,500,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	5.00%
Proceeds from Convertible Debt	$ 76,400,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued (in shares)	56.9801
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount	$ 1,000
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price (in dollars per share)	$ 17.55
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price Premium, Percentage	30.00%
Share Price (in dollars per share)	$ 13.50
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Threshold Percentage of Stock Price Trigger	130.00%
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Threshold Trading Days	20
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Threshold Consecutive Trading Days	30
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage of Principal Amount Redeemed	100.00%
Debt Issuance Costs, Gross	$ 4,100,000

Note 12 - Convertible Senior Notes - Schedule of Carrying Value of Convertible Senior Notes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 05, 2019
Net carrying amount	$ 77,235	$ 77,041
The 5% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2024 [Member]
Principal	80,500	80,500	$ 80,500
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(3,265)	(3,459)
Net carrying amount	$ 77,235	$ 77,041

Note 12 - Convertible Senior Notes - Schedule of Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Amortization of debt issuance costs	$ 220	$ 243
The 5% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2024 [Member]
Contractual interest expense	1,006	233
Amortization of debt issuance costs	208	9
Total interest cost	$ 1,214	$ 242
Effective interest rate	5.10%	5.10%

Note 13 - Accrued Liabilities - Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accrued payroll	$ 5,467	$ 11,009
Accrued employee benefits	2,325	2,288
Accrued state and local taxes	181	1,215
Accrued interest	210	1,208
Advance payments	310	312
Accrued product warranty	661	821
Accrued commission expenses	688	420
Accrued professional fees	296	222
Accrued capital expenditures	9	0
Accrued other	530	369
Total accrued liabilities	$ 10,677	$ 17,864

Note 14 - Other Income and Expense - Other Income and Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Foreign exchange transaction gain (loss)	$ 139	$ (233)
Government subsidy income	105	87
Other non-operating gain	12
Loss on disposal of assets	(0)	(9)
Total other income (expense), net	$ 256	$ (155)

Note 15 - Share-based Compensation (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Option, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount	$ 0
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expense	$ 3,238	$ 2,942
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)	4 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)	10 years
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] \| Exercisable on the First Anniversary Date Following the Date of Grant [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	25.00%
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] \| Exercisable on Semi-annual Basis [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	12.50%
Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount, Total	$ 26,000
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition (Year)	2 years 8 months 23 days
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expense	$ 3,200	$ 2,900

Note 15 - Share-based Compensation - Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Outstanding, number of shares (in shares)	281
Outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.20
Outstanding, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 5.32	$ 5.32
Outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 22,600		$ 573,000
Exercised, number of shares (in shares)	0
Exercised, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 0
Exercised, weighted average share price on date of exercise (in dollars per share)	$ 0
Exercised, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 0
Forfeited, number of shares (in shares)	0
Forfeited, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 0
Forfeited, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 0
Outstanding, number of shares (in shares)	281
Outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.20
Outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life (Year)	3 years 4 months 13 days
Exercisable, number of shares (in shares)	281
Exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.20
Exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual life (Year)	3 years 4 months 13 days
Exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 22,600
Vested and expected to vest, number of shares (in shares)	281
Vested and expected to vest, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.20
Vested and expected to vest, weighted average remaining contractual life (Year)	3 years 4 months 13 days
Vested and expected to vest, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 23,000

Note 15 - Share-based Compensation - Restricted Stock Unit/Awards Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Outstanding, number of shares (in shares)	770
Outstanding, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 25.18
Outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 12,969	$ 9,143
Granted, number of shares (in shares)	1,090
Granted, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 11.62
Granted, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 12,671
Released, number of shares (in shares)	(137)
Released, weighted average share price on date of release (in dollars per share)	$ 12.70
Released, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 24.17
Released, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 1,746
Cancelled/Forfeited, number of shares (in shares)	(14)
Cancelled/Forfeited, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 17.18
Cancelled/Forfeited, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 107
Outstanding, number of shares (in shares)	1,709
Outstanding, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 16.67
Vested and expected to vest, number of shares (in shares)	1,709
Vested and expected to vest, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 16.67
Vested and expected to vest, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 12,969

Note 15 - Share-based Compensation - Share-based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Total share-based compensation expense	$ 3,238	$ 2,942
Cost of Sales [Member]
Total share-based compensation expense	246	188
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Total share-based compensation expense	688	640
Selling and Marketing Expense [Member]
Total share-based compensation expense	291	271
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Total share-based compensation expense	$ 2,013	$ 1,843

Note 16 - Income Taxes (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
Note 16 - Income Taxes (Details Textual)	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent, Total	10.90%	19.10%
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent		21.00%

Note 17 - Geographic Information (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
Note 17 - Geographic Information (Details Textual)	Mar. 31, 2020
Number of Reportable Segments	1

Note 17 - Geographic Information - Revenue Information by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Revenue, net	$ 40,467	$ 52,719
UNITED STATES
Revenue, net	3,761	1,998
TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Revenue, net	23,514	24,020
CHINA
Revenue, net	$ 13,192	$ 26,701

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Note 17 - Geographic Information - Asset Information by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Long-lived assets	$ 261,005	$ 266,010
UNITED STATES
Long-lived assets	94,322	94,507
TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Long-lived assets	72,646	73,816
CHINA
Long-lived assets	$ 94,037	$ 97,687

Note 19 - Subsequent Events (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 17, 2020	Apr. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Repayments of Lines of Credit			$ 20,000	$ 25,747
PPP Term Note [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 6,230
Branch Banking and Trust Company [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Fourth Amendment to Loan Agreement with BB and T [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Repayments of Lines of Credit		$ 20,000