0001437749-22-004349 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer | Applied Optoelectronics INC

Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans [Text Block]

NOTE S—EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

On August 1, 2000, the Company established a 401(k) profit sharing plan covering employees meeting certain age and service requirements. The plan provides for discretionary Company contributions to be allocated based on the employee’s eligible contributions. The Company made contributions of $1.0 million, $0.8 million, and $0.8 million to the 401(k) plan for each of the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Employees of Global participate in a state-mandated social security program in China. Under this program, pension costs are recorded on the basis of required monthly contributions to employees’ individual accounts during their service periods. Under the regulations of the People’s Republic of China, Global is required to make fixed contributions to a fund, which is under the administration of the local labor departments. Pension expense for Global was $1.0 million, $1.2 million, and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Employees Prime World’s Taiwan branch participate in a pension program under the Taiwan Labor Pension Act. Pension expense for the Prime World’s Taiwan branch was $0.7 million, $0.8 million, and $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Note C - Revenue Recognition - Revenue by Major Product Category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue, net	$ 211,565	$ 234,623	$ 190,872
Percent of Revenue	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Data Center [Member]
Revenue, net	$ 97,461	$ 173,437	$ 143,562
Percent of Revenue	46.10%	73.90%	75.20%
CATV [Member]
Revenue, net	$ 94,266	$ 37,944	$ 37,328
Percent of Revenue	44.60%	16.20%	19.60%
Telecom [Member]
Revenue, net	$ 16,247	$ 21,092	$ 8,429
Percent of Revenue	7.70%	9.00%	4.40%
FTTH [Member]
Revenue, net	$ 957	$ 110	$ 190
Percent of Revenue	0.50%	0.00%	0.10%
Product and Service, Other [Member]
Revenue, net	$ 2,634	$ 2,040	$ 1,363
Percent of Revenue	1.20%	0.90%	0.70%

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Note K - Notes Payable and Long-term Debt - Maturities of Notes Payable and Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
2022	$ 49,689
2023	5,000
Total outstanding	$ 54,689	$ 52,169

Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Amount, after unamortized (discount) premium and debt issuance costs, of long-term debt. Includes, but not limited to, notes payable, bonds payable, debentures, mortgage loans and commercial paper. Excludes capital lease obligations.

+ References + Details

Note O - Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 181	$ 181	$ 181
Gross increases — tax positions in prior period	0	0	0
Gross decreases — tax positions in prior period	0	0	0
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 181	$ 181	$ 181

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

1.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries and are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

2.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates and assumptions that impact these financial statements relate to, among other things, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory reserve, product warranty costs, share-based compensation expense, estimated useful lives of property and equipment, and taxes.

Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]

3.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency for the Company’s foreign operations is the local currency. The assets and liabilities of these operations are translated at the rate of exchange in effect on the balance sheet date and sales and expenses are translated at monthly average rates. The resulting gains or losses from translation are included in a separate component of other comprehensive income. There is no tax effect on the foreign currency translation because it is management’s intent to reinvest the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries indefinitely. Transaction gains and losses resulting from re-measuring monetary asset and liability accounts that are denominated in a currency other than a subsidiary’s functional currency are included in net foreign exchange gain and loss and are included in net income except for those intercompany balances that are long-term investments in nature. The translation gain or losses from the long-term investment nature of intercompany balances are treated as translation adjustments and included in comprehensive income.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

4.

Fair Value

The carrying value of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and note receivable approximate their historical fair values due to their short-term maturities. The carrying value of the debt approximates its fair value due to the short-term nature of the debt since it renews frequently at current interest rates. Management believes that the interest rates in effect at each year end represent the current market rates for similar borrowings.

The fair value measurement standard defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The standard characterizes inputs used in determining fair value according to a hierarchy that prioritized inputs based on the degree to which they are observable. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1—Inputs represent quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

Level 3—Inputs that are not observable from objective sources, such as management’s internally developed assumptions used in pricing an asset or liability.

Assets and liabilities that are required to be fair valued on a recurring basis include money market funds, marketable securities, equity instruments and contingent consideration.

Money market funds are valued with Level 1 inputs, using quoted market prices, and are included in cash and cash equivalents on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

6.

Restricted Cash/Compensating Balances

Restricted cash includes guarantee deposits for customs duties and compensating balances associated with credit facilities.

Receivables, Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, Policy [Policy Text Block]

7.

Accounts Receivable/Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company carries its accounts receivable at the net amount that it estimates to be collectible. An allowance for uncollectable accounts is maintained through a charge against operations. The allowance is determined by management review of outstanding amounts per customer, historical payments and the aging of accounts.

Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]

8.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk include cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company places all cash and cash equivalents with high-credit quality financial institutions.

The Company performs ongoing credit valuations of its customers’ financial condition whenever deemed necessary and generally does not require deposits or collateral to support customer receivables. The historical amount of losses on uncollectible accounts has been within the Company’s estimates. The Company generates much of its revenue from a limited number of customers. In 2021, 2020 and 2019, its top five customers represented 67.0%, 73.3%, and 80.7% of its revenue, respectively. In 2021, ATX, Microsoft and Cisco represented 25.6%, 14.1% and 11.9% of its revenue, respectively. In 2020, Microsoft and Amazon represented 38.3% and 11.5% of its revenue, respectively. The five largest receivable balances for customers represented an aggregate of 70.6% and 64.6% of total accounts receivable at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, ATX, Microsoft and Cisco represented 41.7%, 13.3% and 3.5% of total accounts receivable, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, Microsoft and Amazon represented 20.9%, and 8.5% of total accounts receivable, respectively. No other customer represented greater than ten percent of revenue in 2021, 2020, or 2019 had greater than ten percent of total accounts receivable at December 31, 2021 or 2020.

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

9.	Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (average-cost method) or market. Work in process and finished goods includes materials, labor and allocated overhead. The Company assesses the valuation of its inventory on a periodic basis and provides write-offs for the value of estimated excess and obsolete inventory based on estimates of future demand.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

10.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The Company calculates depreciation using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

	*Useful lives (in years)*

Buildings		20 - 42
Land improvements		10
Machinery and equipment		2 - 20
Furniture and fixtures		3 - 7
Computer equipment and software		3 - 10
Leasehold improvements		The shorter of the life of the applicable lease or the useful life of the improvement
Transportation equipment		5

Major improvements are capitalized and expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Construction in progress represents property, plant and equipment under construction or being installed. Costs include original cost, installation, construction and other direct costs which include interest on borrowings used to finance the asset. Construction in progress is transferred to the appropriate fixed asset account and depreciation commences when the asset has been substantially completed and placed in service.

Land use rights allow the Company rights for 50 years to certain land in Ningbo, China on which the Company built a facility that included office space, manufacturing operations and employee dormitories. The land use rights are recorded at cost and are amortized on the straight-line basis over the useful life of the related contract. The land use rights expire on October 7, 2054 and December 28, 2067.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

11.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of intellectual property that is stated at cost less accumulated amortization. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had 328 total patents issued. The costs incurred to obtain such patents have been capitalized and are being amortized over an estimated life between 10 and 20 years. The Company periodically evaluates its intangible assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that a patent or trademark may not be applicable to the Company’s current products or is no longer in use. If such a determination is made, the intangible asset is impaired and the remaining value of the patent or trademark will be expensed at that time.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Including Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

12.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company accounts for impairment of long-lived assets in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, (“ASC 360”). Long-lived assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets and intangible assets. In accordance with ASC 360, the Company evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets when it determines a triggering event has occurred, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When indicators exist, recoverability of assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying value of the asset group to the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. Examples of such triggering events include a significant disposal of a portion of such assets, an adverse change in the market involving the business employing the related asset, a significant decrease in the benefits realized from an acquired business, difficulties or delays in integrating the business, and a significant change in the operations of an acquired business. If such assets are determined not to be recoverable, the Company performs an analysis of the fair value of the asset group and will recognize an impairment loss when the fair value is less than the carrying amounts of such assets. The fair value, based on reasonable and supportable assumptions and projections, require subjective judgments. Depending on the assumptions and estimates used, the appraised fair value projected in the evaluation of long-lived assets can vary within a range of outcomes. The Company considers the likelihood of possible outcomes in determining the best estimate for the fair value of the assets. The Company did not record any asset impairment charges in 2021, 2020 or 2019.

Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block]

13.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

ASC 220, Comprehensive Income, (“ASC 220”) establishes rules for reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components. ASC 220 requires that unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s foreign currency translation adjustments be included in comprehensive income (loss).

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Policy Text Block]

14.

Share-based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. Share-based compensation expense is recognized based on the grant date fair value in order to recognize compensation cost for those shares expected to vest. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the restricted stock units and adjusted as forfeitures occur.

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Policy Text Block]

15.

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives revenue from the manufacture and sale of fiber optic networking products. Revenue recognition follows the criteria of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Specifically, the Company recognizes revenue when obligations under the terms of a contract with its customer are satisfied; generally this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

5.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid securities with an original maturity of ninety days or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash in foreign accounts was approximately $17.3 million and $10.7 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents at U.S. financial institutions for which the combined account balances in individual institutions may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance coverage and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. As of December 31, 2021, approximately $23.1 million of U.S. deposits were not covered by FDIC insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses and believes it is not exposed to any significant risk with such accounts.

Standard Product Warranty, Policy [Policy Text Block]

16.

Product Warranty

The Company generally offers a one-year limited warranty for its products but it can extend for longer periods of three to five years for certain products sold to certain customers. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under its basic limited warranty and records a liability for the amount of such costs at the time when product defects occur. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include the historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims and cost to repair. While the Company believes that its warranty accrual is adequate, the actual warranty costs may exceed the accrual, in which case the cost of sales will increase in the future. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the amount of accrued warranty was $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively. Changes in products warranty were as follows (in thousands):

	*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*			*2020*			*2019*
Beginning Balance, January 1	$	703		$	821		$	995
Warranty costs incurred		(826	)		(457	)		(1,261	)
Provision for warranty		386			339			1,087
Ending Balance, December 31	$	263		$	703		$	821

Advertising Cost [Policy Text Block]

17.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are charged to operations as incurred and amounted to approximately $0.1 million, $0.4 million, and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]

18.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred. The Company receives reimbursement for certain development costs, which offset with expense up to the reimbursable amount.

Shipping And Handling Costs [Policy Text Block]

19.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs are included in operating expenses as fulfillment costs unless we bill our customers for shipping and handling charges, which are included in net sales for the applicable period, and the corresponding shipping and handling expense is reported in cost of sales.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

20.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes. The liability method is used to account for deferred income taxes. Under the liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The ability to realize deferred tax assets is evaluated annually and a valuation allowance is provided if it is unlikely that the deferred tax assets will not give rise to future benefits in the Company’s tax returns.

The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) it determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, it recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits on the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. Accrued interest and penalties are included on the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheet.

Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income Provisions (GILTI) [Policy Text Block]

21.

Global Intangible Low-taxed Income Provisions ("GILTI")

One of the base broadening provisions of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“the 2017 Act”) is the global intangible low-taxed income provisions ("GILTI"). In accordance with guidance issued by the FASB staff, the Company has adopted an accounting policy to treat any GILTI inclusions as a period cost if and when incurred. Thus, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, deferred taxes were computed without consideration of the possible future impact of the GILTI provisions, and any current year impact was recorded as a part of the current portion of income tax expense.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

22.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2021

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”, which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This ASU is effective beginning on March 12, 2020,and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022.The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2021, with no impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, “Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20)” and “Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entities Own Equity” (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by eliminating two of the three models in ASC 470-20 that requires separating embedded conversion features from convertible instruments. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2021, with no impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2020, the SEC issued a new rule that modernizes and simplifies various aspects and financial disclosure requirements in Regulation S-K, specifically related to Item 301 “Selected Financial Data”, Item 302 “Supplementary Financial Information” and Item 303 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (“MD&A”). The intent of this new rule is to (i) eliminate duplicative disclosures, (ii) enhance and promote more principles-based MD&A disclosures with the objective of making them more meaningful for investors, all while (iii) simplifying the compliance requirements and efforts for registrants, by providing them with the flexibility to present management’s perspective on the registrant’s financial condition and results of operations. While most of the changes involve reducing or eliminating previously required information and disclosures, the rule does expand the disclosure requirements surrounding certain aspects of the various items in Regulation S-K discussed above. The final rule was published in the Federal Register on January 11, 2021, is effective thirty days after its publication date, or February 10, 2021, and registrants are required to comply with this final rule in the registrant’s first fiscal year ending on or after the date that is 210 days after the publication date. The Company evaluated this SEC final rule, which was adopted and incorporated in this filing, and it did not have a material impact on this current SEC filing nor is it expected to have a material impact on future SEC filings.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Yet to be Adopted

To date, there have been no recent accounting pronouncement not yet effective that have significance, or potential significance, to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note L - Convertible Senior Notes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Convertible Debt [Table Text Block]

	*December 31,*
	*2021*
Principal	$	80,500
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(1,820	)
Net carrying amount	$	78,680

Interest Income and Interest Expense Disclosure [Table Text Block]

	*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*			*2020*
Contractual interest expense	$	4,025		$	4,025
Amortization of debt issuance costs		826			831
Total interest cost	$	4,851		$	4,856
Effective interest rate		5.1	%		5.1	%

Note K - Notes Payable and Long-term Debt (Details Textual)													12 Months Ended
	Jan. 21, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 21, 2022 TWD ($)	Dec. 29, 2021 USD ($)	Apr. 05, 2021 USD ($)	Oct. 07, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 15, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 15, 2020 TWD ($)	Apr. 17, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 21, 2019 USD ($)	May 24, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 19, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Oct. 19, 2020 USD ($)	Oct. 19, 2020 CNY (¥)	Oct. 07, 2020 TWD ($)	Jun. 21, 2019 CNY (¥)	May 24, 2019 CNY (¥)	May 07, 2019 CNY (¥)	Apr. 30, 2019 CNY (¥)	Apr. 19, 2019 CNY (¥)	Mar. 05, 2019 USD ($)
Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment, Total													$ 7,981,000	$ 15,795,000	$ 28,789,000
Finance Lease, Principal Payments													18,000	17,000	$ 2,000
Long-term Debt, Gross													54,711,000	52,187,000
Debt Instrument, Unused Borrowing Capacity, Amount														28,700,000
Cash Collateral for Borrowed Securities													5,400,000	5,400,000
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Promissory Note [Member]
Finance Lease, Principal Payments						$ 5,500,000
Long-term Debt, Gross													$ 0	$ 1,941,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage													3.50%	3.50%
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Second Sales Contract [Member]
Finance Lease, Principal Payments							$ 159,027,448
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Second Sale Contract [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross													$ 200,000
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Forecast [Member]
Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment, Total	$ 800,000	$ 22,311,381
Paycheck Protection Program, CARES Act [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance of Long-term Debt, Total								$ 6,230,000
Long-term Debt, Gross													$ 0	$ 6,229,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage													1.00%	1.00%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| The NT$100M Credit Line [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity																		$ 100,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Truist Bank [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity			$ 20,000,000	$ 20,000,000					$ 20,000,000															$ 25,000,000
Debt Instrument, Unused Borrowing Capacity, Fee, Percentage									0.30%
Fixed Charge Cover Ratio, Minimum Threshold									1.5
Line of Credit Facility, Percentage of Maximum Borrowing Capacity, Threshold for Financial Covenants									75.00%
Debt Instrument, LIBOR Floor				0.75%
Long-term Line of Credit, Total													$ 14,400,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Truist Bank [Member] \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate				1.50%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Truist Bank [Member] \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate			1.56%
Debt Instrument, SOFR Floor			0.75%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Taishin International Bank [Member] \| The NT$100M Credit Line [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity					$ 3,440,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Taishin International Bank [Member] \| The US $1M Credit Line [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity					$ 1,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Taishin International Bank in Taiwan [Member] \| The NT$100M Credit Line [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage					2.15%													2.15%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Taishin International Bank in Taiwan [Member] \| The NT$100M Credit Line [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term of Draw (Day)					90 days
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Taishin International Bank in Taiwan [Member] \| The NT$100M Credit Line [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Term of Draw (Day)					120 days
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| China Construction Bank Co., Ltd. [Member] \| China Merchants Credit Line [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity																$ 8,900,000	¥ 60,000,000						¥ 60,000,000
Debt Instrument, Term (Month)												12 months
Bank Acceptances Executed													100,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| China Merchants Bank Co, Ltd [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity													8,917,000	$ 8,917,000
Long-term Debt, Gross													$ 0	$ 2,299,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage													4.50%	4.50%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| China Merchants Bank Co, Ltd [Member] \| China Merchants Credit Line [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity												$ 8,900,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| SPD Bank [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity													$ 25,449,000	$ 25,449,000
Long-term Debt, Gross													$ 19,595,000	$ 11,603,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| SPD Bank [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage													3.01%	3.01%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| SPD Bank [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage													4.57%	4.57%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| SPD Bank [Member] \| The SPD Credit Line [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity											$ 25,400,000									¥ 180,000,000
Long-term Line of Credit, Total													$ 19,600,000
Debt Instrument, Term (Month)											5 years
Bank Acceptances Executed													5,400,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| SPD Bank [Member] \| The SPD 30M Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity \| ¥																					¥ 30,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| SPD Bank [Member] \| The SPD 9.9M Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity \| ¥																						¥ 9,900,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| China Zheshang Bank Co., Ltd [Member] \| The ¥100M Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity										$ 14,100,000			14,125,000						¥ 100,000,000
Long-term Line of Credit, Total													13,000,000.0
Long-term Debt, Gross													$ 13,044,000	$ 0
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage													3.50%
Debt Instrument, Term (Month)										18 months
Bank Acceptances Executed													$ 2,700,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| China Zheshang Bank Co., Ltd [Member] \| The ¥50M Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity										$ 7,100,000			7,167,000	7,167,000					¥ 50,000,000
Long-term Line of Credit, Total													7,500,000
Long-term Debt, Gross													$ 7,529,000	$ 7,510,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage													5.70%	5.70%
Debt Instrument, Term (Month)										3 years

Note O - Income Taxes - Income (Loss) from Operations Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Domestic	$ (21,229)	$ (20,288)	$ (35,279)
Foreign	(32,931)	(30,936)	(16,108)
Total loss before income taxes	$ (54,160)	$ (51,224)	$ (51,387)

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 1
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))
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-Topic 944
-SubTopic 220
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(8))
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 235
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399901&loc=d3e537907-122884

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-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399700&loc=SL114874048-224260

Note T - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 09, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating Lease, Expense		$ 1,230	$ 1,206
Loss Contingency, Obligation for Sales and Use Tax [Member]
Loss Contingency, Potential Obligation	$ 1,000
Loss Contingency Accrual, Payments	400
Loss Contingency, Obligation for Sales and Use Tax [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Loss Contingency, Estimate of Possible Loss	200
Loss Contingency, Obligation for Sales and Use Tax [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Loss Contingency, Estimate of Possible Loss	$ 400
Other Commitments, Rent Expense [Member]
Operating Lease, Expense		$ 1,300	$ 1,400	$ 1,300

Note Q - Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE Q—STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock

The Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 45,000,000 shares of common stock, all of which have been designated voting common stock.

Preferred Stock

The Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock.

Public Offerings of Common Stock

On October 24, 2019, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-3 with the Securities and Exchange Commission effective January 9, 2020, providing for the public offer and sale of certain securities of the Company from time to time, at its discretion, up to an aggregate amount of $250 million. In connection with such Form S-3, on February 28, 2020, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Raymond James & Associates, Inc. pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell shares of the Company’s stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $55.0 million (the “Initial ATM Offering”) from time to time through Raymond James & Associates, Inc. The Company completed its Initial ATM Offering in January 2021 and sold 5.9 million shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $9.12 per share, providing proceeds of $53.9 million, net of expenses and underwriting discounts and commissions. On February 26, 2021, the Company entered into another Equity Distribution Agreement with Raymond James & Associates, Inc. pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell shares of the Company’s stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $35 million (the “Second ATM Offering”) from time to time through the Raymond James & Associates, Inc. As of December 31, 2021, the Company sold 0.1 million shares of common stock under the Second ATM Offering at a weighted average price of $9.08 per share, providing proceeds of $1.0 million, net of expenses and underwriting discounts and commissions.

The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208762

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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e)(1))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

Note J - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

	*Quoted prices*		*Significant*
	*in active*		*other*
	*markets for*		*observable*		*Significant*
	*identical*		*remaining*		*unobservable*
	*assets (Level 1)*		*inputs (Level 2)*		*inputs (Level 3)*		*Total*
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	34,656	$	—	$	—	$	34,656
Restricted cash		6,480		—		—		6,480
Note receivable		—		8,148		—		8,148
Total assets	$	41,136	$	8,148	$	—	$	49,284
Liabilities:
Bank acceptance payable		—	$	8,198		—	$	8,198
Convertible senior notes		—		67,588		—		67,588
Total liabilities	$	—	$	75,786	$	—	$	75,786

	*Quoted prices*		*Significant*
	*in active*		*other*
	*markets for*		*observable*		*Significant*
	*identical*		*remaining*		*unobservable*
	*assets (Level 1)*		*inputs (Level 2)*		*inputs (Level 3)*		*Total*
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	43,425	$	—	$	—	$	43,425
Restricted cash		6,689		—		—		6,689
Note receivable		—		401		—		401
Total assets	$	50,114	$	401	$	—	$	50,515
Liabilities:
Bank acceptance payable		—	$	15,860		—	$	15,860
Convertible senior notes		—		70,225		—		70,225
Total liabilities	$	—	$	86,085	$	—	$	86,085

Note G - Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]

	*As of December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*
Raw materials	$	29,469	$	25,555
Work in process and sub-assemblies		41,528		52,544
Finished goods		21,519		32,298
Total inventory	$	92,516	$	110,397

Note O - Income Taxes - Summary of Valuation of Allowance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Balance	$ 43,462	$ 25,736	$ 0
Change charged to expense/(income)	13,822	17,137	25,736
Change charged to currency translation adjustment	437	589	0
Balance	$ 57,721	$ 43,462	$ 25,736

Note C - Revenue Recognition

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]

NOTE C—REVENUE RECOGNITION

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company derives revenue from the manufacture and sale of fiber optic networking products. Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with its customer are satisfied; generally this occurs with the transfer of control of products or services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or providing services. Certain customers may receive cash and/or non-cash incentives, which are accounted for as variable consideration. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps:

1. Identify the contract with a customer

A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an agreement with a customer that defines each party's rights regarding the products or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these products or services, (ii) both parties to the contract are committed to perform their respective obligations, (iii) the contract has commercial substance, and (iv) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for products or services that are transferred is probable based on the customer's intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer's ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer's payment history or, in the case of a new customer, published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract

Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the products or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the product or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the products or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised products or services, the Company must apply judgment to determine whether promised products or services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met, the promised products or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment cost as permitted by the standard.

3. Determine the transaction price

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring products or services to the customer. To the extent the transaction price is variable, revenue is recognized at an amount equal to the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. This estimate includes customer sales incentives which are accounted for as a reduction to revenue and estimated using either the expected value method or the most likely amount method, depending on the nature of the program. The Company will adjust its consideration for any rebates if it is more likely than not that the rebate conditions will be met.

4. Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price basis unless a portion of the variable consideration related to the contract is allocated entirely to a performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately.

5. Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation

The Company generally satisfies performance obligations at a point in time. Revenue is recognized based on the transaction price at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised product or service to a customer.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Revenue is classified based on the location of where the product is manufactured. For additional information on the disaggregated revenues by geographical region, see Note R, "Segments and Geographic Information.”

Revenue is also classified by major product category and is presented below (in thousands):

	*Years ended December 31,*
			*% of*					*% of*					*% of*
	*2021*		*Revenue*			*2020*		*Revenue*			*2019*		*Revenue*
Data Center	$	97,461		46.1	%	$	173,437		73.9	%	$	143,562		75.2	%
CATV		94,266		44.6	%		37,944		16.2	%		37,328		19.6	%
Telecom		16,247		7.7	%		21,092		9.0	%		8,429		4.4	%
FTTH		957		0.5	%		110		0.0	%		190		0.1	%
Other		2,634		1.2	%		2,040		0.9	%		1,363		0.7	%
Total Revenue	$	211,565		100.0	%	$	234,623		100.0	%	$	190,872		100.0	%

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Note Q - Stockholders' Equity (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Feb. 28, 2020
Common Stock, Shares Authorized (in shares)		45,000,000	45,000,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized (in shares)		5,000,000	5,000,000
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock		$ 15,397	$ 39,203	$ 0
Initial ATM Offering [Member] \| Raymond James & Associates, Inc. [Member]
Common Stock, Maximum Amount to be Sold					$ 55,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares)	5,900,000
Shares Issued, Price Per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 9.12
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock	$ 53,900
Second ATM Offering [Member] \| Raymond James & Associates, Inc. [Member]
Common Stock, Maximum Amount to be Sold		$ 35,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares)		100,000
Shares Issued, Price Per Share (in dollars per share)		$ 9.08
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock		$ 1,000

Note B - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value, Ending Balance	$ 34,656	$ 43,425
Cash, Uninsured Amount	$ 23,100
Number of Patents Issued	328
Asset Impairment Charges, Total	$ 0	0	$ 0
Product Warranty Accrual, Current	263	703
Advertising Expense	$ 100	$ 400	$ 500
Minimum [Member]
Product Warranty Extension Period (Year)	3 years
Maximum [Member]
Product Warranty Extension Period (Year)	5 years
Patents [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life (Year)	10 years
Patents [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life (Year)	20 years
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Revenue Benchmark [Member]
Number of Customers	5	5	5
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Five Customers [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	67.00%	73.30%	80.70%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| ATX Networks Corporation [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	25.60%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Microsoft [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	14.10%	38.30%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Cisco [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	11.90%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Amazon [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		11.50%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member]
Number of Customers	5	5
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member] \| Five Customers [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	70.60%	64.60%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member] \| ATX Networks Corporation [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	41.70%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member] \| Microsoft [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		8.50%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member] \| Cisco [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	3.50%
Non-US [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value, Ending Balance	$ 17,300	$ 10,700

Note P - Share-based Compensation - Share-based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Total share-based compensation expense	$ 12,121	$ 13,046	$ 11,804
Cost of Sales [Member]
Total share-based compensation expense	885	937	772
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Total share-based compensation expense	2,173	2,812	2,557
Selling and Marketing Expense [Member]
Total share-based compensation expense	1,115	1,191	1,070
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Total share-based compensation expense	$ 7,948	$ 8,106	$ 7,405

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Net loss	$ (54,162)	$ (58,452)	$ (66,049)
Gain/(Loss) on foreign currency translation adjustment	4,381	11,260	(172)
Comprehensive loss	$ (49,781)	$ (47,192)	$ (66,221)

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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Note F - Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

	*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*			*2020*			*2019*
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(54,162	)	$	(58,452	)	$	(66,049	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares used to compute net loss per share
Basic		26,912			21,867			19,982
Effect of dilutive options and restricted stock units		—			—			—
Diluted		26,912			21,867			19,982
Net loss per share
Basic	$	(2.01	)	$	(2.67	)	$	(3.31	)
Diluted	$	(2.01	)	$	(2.67	)	$	(3.31	)

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]

	*As of December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*
Employee stock options		3		19
Restricted stock units		3		5
Shares for convertible senior notes		4,587		4,587
Total antidilutive shares		4,593		4,611

Note F - Earnings Per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Net loss	$ (54,162)	$ (58,452)	$ (66,049)
Basic (in shares)	26,912,141	21,866,630	19,982,363
Effect of dilutive options and restricted stock units (in shares)	0	0	0
Diluted (in shares)	26,912,141	21,866,630	19,982,363
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (2.01)	$ (2.67)	$ (3.31)
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123367319&loc=SL114868664-224227

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

Note T - Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE T—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments

The Company conducts part of its operations from leased facilities and also leases equipment. Rent expense was $1.3 million, $1.4 million, and $1.3 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

At December 31, 2021, the approximate minimum rental commitments under noncancellable leases in excess of one year that expire at varying dates through 2029 were as follows (in thousands):

Year ended December 31,	*Amount*
2022	$	1,334
2023		1,393
2024		1,231
2025		1,257
2026		1,197
thereafter		2,923
	$	9,335

Employment Agreements and Consultancy Agreements

The Company has entered into employment and indemnification agreements with three executive officers. These agreements provide that if their employment is terminated as a result of a change of control of the Company, or if their employment is terminated for certain other reasons set forth in the agreements, the Company will be required to pay a severance payment in an amount equal to their annual base salary, and other additional compensation due under the terms of the agreements.

The Company has also entered into employment and indemnification agreements with one other executive officer. This agreement provides that if his employment is terminated as a result of a change of control of the Company, the Company will be required to pay a severance payment in an amount equal to six months of his annual base salary and other additional compensation due under the terms of the agreements.

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, inquiries, investigations, audits and other regulatory proceedings, such as described below. The Company records a loss provision when it believes it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Unless otherwise disclosed, the Company is unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss for the legal proceeding described below.

Except for the lawsuits described below, the Company believes that there are no claims or actions pending or threatened against it, the ultimate disposition of which would have a material adverse effect on it.

Class Action and Shareholder Derivative Litigation

On August 7, 2018, a derivative lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas styled Lei Jin, derivatively on behalf of Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. v. Chih-Hsiang (“Thompson”) Lin, Stefan J. Murry, William H. Yeh, Alex Ignatiev, Richard B. Black, Min-Chu Chen, Alan Moore, and Che-Wei Lin and Applied Optoelectronics, Inc., No. 4:18-cv-02713 alleging breaches of fiduciary duties, unjust enrichment, and violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act based on similar factual allegations as in the securities class action captioned Mona Abouzied v. Applied Optoelectronics, Inc., Chih-Hsiang (Thompson) Lin, and Stefan J. Murry, et al., Case No. 4:17-cv-02399, which had been previously filed against the Company and was dismissed following a settlement in 2020. On December 18, 2018, a second derivative complaint was filed styled Yiu Kwong Ng v.Chih-Hsiang (“Thompson”) Lin, Stefan J. Murry, William H. Yeh, Alex Ignatiev, Richard B. Black, Min-Chu Chen, Alan Moore, and Che-Wei Lin and Applied Optoelectronics, Inc., No. 4:18-cv-4751 alleging the same causes of actions as the Jin complaint and additional factual allegations regarding our announcement on September 28, 2018 that the Company had “identified an issue with a small percentage of 25G lasers within a specific customer environment.” On January 11, 2019, the Court consolidated these two derivative actions, and on January 15, 2019, the Court entered an order staying the actions pending the resolution of the securities class actions. On June 24, 2020, the plaintiffs filed a notice that the stay of proceedings had been terminated, and on July 2, 2020, the parties filed a Joint Stipulation and Proposed Scheduling Order. The Court entered the stipulated scheduling order on the same date, under which Defendants were required to file and serve their response or responsive pleading to the complaint by August 3, 2020. By agreement of the parties, the Court subsequently extended the deadline for Defendants to file and serve their response or responsive pleading to December 2, 2020. On December 2, 2020, Defendants filed their motion to dismiss the consolidated derivative complaint. On December 7, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a notice alerting the Court that they were intending to file an amended complaint, which was subsequently filed by Plaintiffs on January 13, 2021. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss all claims on March 1, 2021. On June 25, 2021, the parties filed a stipulation indicating that they had reached a settlement-in-principle of the action. In the stipulation, the Company agreed to implement various corporate governance reforms as specified in the Settlement Agreement in addition to having its D&O insurance carrier make a payment to the Plaintiffs in exchange for a full dismissal of all claims and customary releases. On June 28, 2021, the Court stayed all deadlines in the action for 30 days to allow the parties to finalize the settlement. The deadline was extended to late August. On August 30, 2021, the Plaintiffs filed an unopposed Motion for Preliminary Approval of the Settlement agreed to by the parties. On November 2, 2021, the Court granted final approval of the settlement and closed the case. The deadline to appeal has now passed with no party appealing final judgement. This motion was granted on August 31, 2021 and the Court set the Settlement Hearing date for November 4, 2021. The Company has complied with all requirements of the Settlement Agreement and the Settlement Hearing is on schedule to take place on November 4, 2021. The Company has agreed to implement various corporate governance reforms as specified in the Settlement Agreement in addition to having its D&O insurance carrier make a payment to the Plaintiffs in exchange for a full dismissal of all claims and customary releases.

Other Contingencies

On August 9, 2021, the Company has received a Taxes Notification of Audit Result (“Notice”) from the Texas Comptroller’s Office (the “Comptroller”), for fiscal years between 2016 and 2019, informing the Company that the Comptroller believes the Company did not qualify for certain sales and use tax exemptions on various Research and Development purchases and accordingly the Company is liable for Sale and Use Tax in the amount of approximately $1.0 million including interest charges. The Company paid $0.4 million for the tax notice but challenged the remaining tax assessments and vigorously defended its position. The Comptroller’s office has not made final assessments after the Company’s defenses. However, the management estimated the additional tax assessment will be in the range of $0.2 million to $0.4 million including interest charges.

Note P - Share-based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

NOTE P—SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Equity Plans

The Company’s board of directors and stockholders approved the following equity plans:

‑

the 2006 Share Incentive Plan

‑

the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (“2013 Plan”)

‑

the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”)

The Company issued stock options, restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees, consultants and non-employee directors. Stock option awards generally vest over a four year period and have a maximum term of ten years. Stock options under these plans have been granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value on the date of the grant. Nonqualified and Incentive Stock Options, RSAs and RSUs may be granted from these plans. Prior to the Company’s initial public offering in September 2013, the fair market value of the Company’s stock had been historically determined by the board of directors and from time to time with the assistance of third party valuation specialists.

Stock Options

Options have been granted to the Company’s employees under the five incentive plans and generally become exercisable as to 25% of the shares on the first anniversary date following the date of grant and semi-annually thereafter. All options expire ten years after the date of grant.

The following is a summary of option activity (in thousands, except per share data):

						*Weighted*				*Weighted*
				*Weighted*		*Average*				*Average*
				*Average*		*Share Price*		*Weighted*		*Remaining*		*Aggregate*
	*Number of*			*Exercise*		*on Date of*		*Average*		*Contractual*		*Intrinsic*
	*shares*			*Price*		*Exercise*		*Fair Value*		*Life*		*Value*
	(in thousands, except price data)
Outstanding, January 1, 2021		276		$	10.29			$	5.41		2.67	$	54
Exercised		(2	)		6.00	$	9.64		0.40				7
Forfeited		(4	)		10.46				5.64				—
Outstanding, December 31, 2021		270			10.32				5.44		1.69		—
Exercisable, December 31, 2021		270			10.32				5.44		1.69		—
Vested and expected to vest		270			10.32				5.44		1.69		—

As of December 31, 2021, there was no unrecognized stock option expense.

Restricted Stock Unit/Awards

The following is a summary of RSU/RSA activity (in thousands, except per share data):

				*Weighted*
				*Average Share*		*Weighted*		*Aggregate*
	*Number of*			*Price on Date*		*Average Fair*		*Intrinsic*
	*shares*			*of Release*		*Value*		*Value*
	(in thousands, except price data)
Outstanding at January 1, 2021		1,325				$	14.97	$	11,279
Granted		1,733					10.12		16,016
Released		(775	)	$	8.28		15.21		6,411
Cancelled/Forfeited		(113	)				12.28		583
Outstanding, December 31, 2021		2,170					11.15		11,156
Vested and expected to vest		2,170					11.15		11,156

As of December 31, 2021, there was $20.9 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to these RSUs and RSAs. This expense is expected to be recognized over 2.52 years.

Performance Based Incentive Plan

In June 2021, the Company approved to grant performance stock units (“PSUs”) to senior executives as a part of our long-term equity compensation program. The number of shares of common stock that will ultimately be issued to settle PSUs granted ranges from 0% to 200% of the number granted and is determined based on certain performance criteria over a three-year measurement period. The performance criteria for the PSUs are based on a combination of the performance of our stock price and the Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) for the performance period compared with the TSR of certain peer companies or index for the performance period. PSUs granted vest 100% on the third anniversary of their grant, assuming achievement of the applicable performance criteria. We estimated the fair value of the PSUs using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized ratably over the explicit service period.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting term of the award and expense is adjusted as forfeitures occur.

In 2014, the Company ceased issuing stock options and began issuing RSUs and RSAs as share-based compensation to employees. The Company estimates the fair value of RSUs and RSAs at the fair market value on the grant date.

Employee share-based compensation expenses recognized for the years ended December 31, were as follows (in thousands):

Share-Based compensation - by expense type:

	*2021*		*2020*		*2019*
Cost of goods sold	$	885	$	937	$	772
Research and development		2,173		2,812		2,557
Sales and marketing		1,115		1,191		1,070
General and administrative		7,948		8,106		7,405
Total share-based compensation expense	$	12,121	$	13,046	$	11,804

Note P - Share-based Compensation - Restricted Stock Unit/Awards Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Outstanding, number of shares (in shares) \| shares	1,325
Outstanding, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 14.97
Outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value \| $	$ 11,279
Granted, number of shares (in shares) \| shares	1,733
Granted, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 10.12
Granted, aggregate intrinsic value \| $	$ 16,016
Released, number of shares (in shares) \| shares	(775)
Released, weighted average share price on date of release (in dollars per share)	$ 8.28
Released, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 15.21
Released, aggregate intrinsic value \| $	$ 6,411
Cancelled/Forfeited, number of shares (in shares) \| shares	(113)
Cancelled/Forfeited, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 12.28
Cancelled/Forfeited, aggregate intrinsic value \| $	$ 583
Outstanding, number of shares (in shares) \| shares	2,170
Outstanding, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 11.15
Outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value \| $	$ 11,156
Vested and expected to vest, number of shares (in shares) \| shares	2,170
Vested and expected to vest, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 11.15
Vested and expected to vest, aggregate intrinsic value \| $	$ 11,156

Note P - Share-based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]

						*Weighted*				*Weighted*
				*Weighted*		*Average*				*Average*
				*Average*		*Share Price*		*Weighted*		*Remaining*		*Aggregate*
	*Number of*			*Exercise*		*on Date of*		*Average*		*Contractual*		*Intrinsic*
	*shares*			*Price*		*Exercise*		*Fair Value*		*Life*		*Value*
	(in thousands, except price data)
Outstanding, January 1, 2021		276		$	10.29			$	5.41		2.67	$	54
Exercised		(2	)		6.00	$	9.64		0.40				7
Forfeited		(4	)		10.46				5.64				—
Outstanding, December 31, 2021		270			10.32				5.44		1.69		—
Exercisable, December 31, 2021		270			10.32				5.44		1.69		—
Vested and expected to vest		270			10.32				5.44		1.69		—

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock Unit, Activity [Table Text Block]

				*Weighted*
				*Average Share*		*Weighted*		*Aggregate*
	*Number of*			*Price on Date*		*Average Fair*		*Intrinsic*
	*shares*			*of Release*		*Value*		*Value*
	(in thousands, except price data)
Outstanding at January 1, 2021		1,325				$	14.97	$	11,279
Granted		1,733					10.12		16,016
Released		(775	)	$	8.28		15.21		6,411
Cancelled/Forfeited		(113	)				12.28		583
Outstanding, December 31, 2021		2,170					11.15		11,156
Vested and expected to vest		2,170					11.15		11,156

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Table Text Block]

	*2021*		*2020*		*2019*
Cost of goods sold	$	885	$	937	$	772
Research and development		2,173		2,812		2,557
Sales and marketing		1,115		1,191		1,070
General and administrative		7,948		8,106		7,405
Total share-based compensation expense	$	12,121	$	13,046	$	11,804

Note I - Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]

	*December 31, 2021*
	*Gross*		*Accumulated*			*Intangible*
	*Amount*		*amortization*			*assets, net*
Patents	$	8,597	$	(4,779	)	$	3,818
Trademarks		35		(17	)	$	18
Total intangible assets	$	8,632	$	(4,796	)	$	3,836

	*December 31, 2020*
	*Gross*		*Accumulated*			*Intangible*
	*Amount*		*amortization*			*assets, net*
Patents	$	8,158	$	(4,165	)	$	3,993
Trademarks		21		(15	)		6
Total intangible assets	$	8,179	$	(4,180	)	$	3,999

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense [Table Text Block]

2022	$	584
2023		584
2024		584
2025		584
2026		584
thereafter		916
	$	3,836

Note R - Segment and Geographic Information (Details Textual) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Number of Reportable Segments	1
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax, Total	$ 211,565	$ 234,623	$ 190,872
Percentage of Revenue	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Data Center [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax, Total	$ 97,461	$ 173,437	$ 143,562
Percentage of Revenue	46.10%	73.90%	75.20%
CATV [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax, Total	$ 94,266	$ 37,944	$ 37,328
Percentage of Revenue	44.60%	16.20%	19.60%
Telecom [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax, Total	$ 16,247	$ 21,092	$ 8,429
Percentage of Revenue	7.70%	9.00%	4.40%
FTTH [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax, Total	$ 957	$ 110	$ 190
Percentage of Revenue	0.50%	0.00%	0.10%

Note L - Convertible Senior Notes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Convertible Debt [Text Block]

NOTE L—Convertible Senior Notes

On March 5, 2019, the Company issued $80.5 million of 5% convertible senior notes due 2024 (the “Notes”). The Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of March 5, 2019 (the “Indenture”), between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, paying agent, and conversion agent (the “Trustee”). The Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.00% per year, payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2019. The Notes will mature on March 15, 2024, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms.

The sale of the Notes generated net proceeds of $76.4 million, after deducting the Initial Purchasers’ discounts and offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company used approximately $37.8 million of the net proceeds from the offering to fully repay the CapEx Loan and Term Loan with BB&T and the remainder will be used for general corporate purposes.

The following table presents the carrying value of the Notes for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*December 31,*
	*2021*
Principal	$	80,500
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(1,820	)
Net carrying amount	$	78,680

The Notes are convertible at the option of holders of the Notes at any time until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. Upon conversion, holders of the Notes will receive shares of the Company’s common stock, together, if applicable, with cash in lieu of any fractional share, at the then-applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is 56.9801 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (representing an initial conversion price of approximately $17.55 per share of common stock, which represents an initial conversion premium of approximately 30% above the closing price of $13.50 per share of the Company’s common stock on February 28, 2019), subject to customary adjustments. If a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture) occurs, and in connection with certain other conversions before March 15, 2022, the Company will in certain circumstances increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.

Initially there are no guarantors of the Notes, but the Notes will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior, unsecured basis by certain of the Company’s future domestic subsidiaries. The Notes are the Company’s senior, unsecured obligations and are equal in right of payment with existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness, senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the Notes and effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness. The Note Guarantee (as defined in the Indenture) of each future guarantor, if any, will be such guarantor’s senior, unsecured obligations and are equal in right of payment with existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness, senior in right of payment to such future guarantor’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the Notes and effectively subordinated to such future guarantor’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness.

Holders may require the Company to repurchase their Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture) at a cash purchase price equal to the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.

The Company may not redeem the Notes prior to March 15, 2022. On or after March 15, 2022, the Company may redeem for cash all or part of the Notes if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such redemption notice. The redemption price is equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, calling any Note for redemption will constitute a “make-whole fundamental change” with respect to that Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that Note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption.

The Indenture contains covenants that limit the Company’s ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to, among other things: (i) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue disqualified stock; and (ii) create or incur liens.

Pursuant to the guidance in ASC 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, the Company evaluated whether the conversion feature of the note needed to be bifurcated from the host instrument as a freestanding financial instrument. Under ASC 815-40, to qualify for equity classification (or non-bifurcation, if embedded) the instrument (or embedded feature) must be both (1) indexed to the issuer’s own stock and (2) meet the requirements of the equity classification guidance. Based upon the Company’s analysis, it was determined the conversion option is indexed to its own stock and also met all the criteria for equity classification contained in ASC 815-40-25-7 and 815-40-25-10. Accordingly, the conversion option is not required to be bifurcated from the host instrument as a freestanding financial instrument. Since the conversion feature meets the equity scope exception from derivative accounting, the Company then evaluated whether the conversion feature needed to be separately accounted for as an equity component under ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Company determined that notes should be accounted for in their entirety as a liability.

The Company incurred approximately $4.1 million in transaction costs in connection with the issuance of the Notes. These costs were recognized as a reduction of the carrying amount of the Notes utilizing the effective interest method and are being amortized over the term of the notes.

The following table sets forth interest expense information related to the Notes (in thousands):

	*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*			*2020*
Contractual interest expense	$	4,025		$	4,025
Amortization of debt issuance costs		826			831
Total interest cost	$	4,851		$	4,856
Effective interest rate		5.1	%		5.1	%

Note H - Property, Plant and Equipment (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Depreciation, Total	$ 24.8	$ 24.2	$ 23.5
Interest Paid, Capitalized, Investing Activities	$ 0.9	$ 0.4	$ 0.2

Note B - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

NOTE B—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1.

Basis of Presentation

2.

Use of Estimates

3.

Foreign Currency Translation

4.

Fair Value

Level 1—Inputs represent quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 3—Inputs that are not observable from objective sources, such as management’s internally developed assumptions used in pricing an asset or liability.

Assets and liabilities that are required to be fair valued on a recurring basis include money market funds, marketable securities, equity instruments and contingent consideration.

Money market funds are valued with Level 1 inputs, using quoted market prices, and are included in cash and cash equivalents on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

5.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

6.

Restricted Cash/Compensating Balances

Restricted cash includes guarantee deposits for customs duties and compensating balances associated with credit facilities.

7.

Accounts Receivable/Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

8.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

9.

Inventories

10.

Property, Plant and Equipment

	*Useful lives (in years)*

Buildings		20 - 42
Land improvements		10
Machinery and equipment		2 - 20
Furniture and fixtures		3 - 7
Computer equipment and software		3 - 10
Leasehold improvements		The shorter of the life of the applicable lease or the useful life of the improvement
Transportation equipment		5

11.

Intangible Assets

12.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

13.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

14.

Share-based Compensation

15.

Revenue Recognition

16.

Product Warranty

	*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*			*2020*			*2019*
Beginning Balance, January 1	$	703		$	821		$	995
Warranty costs incurred		(826	)		(457	)		(1,261	)
Provision for warranty		386			339			1,087
Ending Balance, December 31	$	263		$	703		$	821

17.

Advertising Costs

18.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred. The Company receives reimbursement for certain development costs, which offset with expense up to the reimbursable amount.

19.

Shipping and Handling Costs

20.

Income Taxes

21.

Global Intangible Low-taxed Income Provisions ("GILTI")

22.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2021

Note R - Segment and Geographic Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE R—SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The Company operates in one reportable segment. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is considered to be the chief operating decision maker, manages the Company’s operations as a whole and reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by information about product revenue, for purposes of evaluating financial performance and allocating resources.

The following tables set forth the Company’s revenue and asset information by geographic region. Revenue is classified based on the location of where the product is manufactured. Long-lived assets in the tables below comprise only property, plant, equipment and intangible assets (in thousands):

	*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*		*2019*
Revenues:
United States	$	14,633	$	18,380	$	9,795
Taiwan		99,201		131,076		97,776
China		97,731		85,167		83,301
	$	211,565	$	234,623	$	190,872

	*As of December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*		*2019*
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	87,709	$	90,999	$	94,507
Taiwan		63,644		71,080		73,816
China		108,509		108,575		97,687
	$	259,862	$	270,654	$	266,010

The Company serves four primary markets, the internet data center, CATV, telecom and FTTH markets. Of the Company’s total revenues in 2021, the Company earned $97.5 million, or 46.1%, from the internet data center market, $94.3 million, or 44.6%, from the CATV market, $16.2 million, or 7.7%, from the telecom market and $1.0 million, or 0.5%, from the FTTH market. Of the Company’s total revenues in 2020, the Company earned $173.4 million, or 73.9%, from the internet data center market, $37.9 million, or 16.2%, from the CATV market, $21.1 million, or 9.0%, from the telecom market and $0.1 million, or 0.0%, from the FTTH market. Of the Company’s total revenues in 2019, the Company earned $143.6 million, or 75.2%, from the internet data center market, $37.3 million, or 19.6%, from the CATV market, $8.4 million, or 4.4%, from the telecom market and $0.2 million, or 0.1%, from the FTTH market.

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
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Note E - Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current, Total	$ 6,480	$ 6,689
CHINA
Certificates of Deposit, at Carrying Value	2,400	500
Bankers Acceptance [Member]
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current, Total	3,000	4,900
Guarantee Deposits for Customs Duties [Member]
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current, Total	$ 1,000	$ 1,000

Note C - Revenue Recognition (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]

	*Years ended December 31,*
			*% of*					*% of*					*% of*
	*2021*		*Revenue*			*2020*		*Revenue*			*2019*		*Revenue*
Data Center	$	97,461		46.1	%	$	173,437		73.9	%	$	143,562		75.2	%
CATV		94,266		44.6	%		37,944		16.2	%		37,328		19.6	%
Telecom		16,247		7.7	%		21,092		9.0	%		8,429		4.4	%
FTTH		957		0.5	%		110		0.0	%		190		0.1	%
Other		2,634		1.2	%		2,040		0.9	%		1,363		0.7	%
Total Revenue	$	211,565		100.0	%	$	234,623		100.0	%	$	190,872		100.0	%

Note B - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Product Warrant Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Balance	$ 703	$ 821	$ 995
Warranty costs incurred	(826)	(457)	(1,261)
Provision for warranty	386	339	1,087
Balance	$ 263	$ 703	$ 821

Note R - Segment and Geographic Information - Asset Information by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Long-lived assets	$ 259,862	$ 270,654	$ 266,010
UNITED STATES
Long-lived assets	87,709	90,999	94,507
TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Long-lived assets	63,644	71,080	73,816
CHINA
Long-lived assets	$ 108,509	$ 108,575	$ 97,687

Note G - Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Inventory Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE G—INVENTORIES

At December 31, 2021 and 2020, inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

	*As of December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*
Raw materials	$	29,469	$	25,555
Work in process and sub-assemblies		41,528		52,544
Finished goods		21,519		32,298
Total inventory	$	92,516	$	110,397

For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the lower of cost or market reserve adjustment expensed for inventory was $3.9 million, $3.9 million, and $6.8 million, respectively. For the years December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the direct inventory write-offs related to scrap, discontinued products, and damaged inventories were $16.8 million, $20.4 million, and $13.4 million, respectively.

Note J - Fair Value of Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

NOTE J—FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

	*Quoted prices*		*Significant*
	*in active*		*other*
	*markets for*		*observable*		*Significant*
	*identical*		*remaining*		*unobservable*
	*assets (Level 1)*		*inputs (Level 2)*		*inputs (Level 3)*		*Total*
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	34,656	$	—	$	—	$	34,656
Restricted cash		6,480		—		—		6,480
Note receivable		—		8,148		—		8,148
Total assets	$	41,136	$	8,148	$	—	$	49,284
Liabilities:
Bank acceptance payable		—	$	8,198		—	$	8,198
Convertible senior notes		—		67,588		—		67,588
Total liabilities	$	—	$	75,786	$	—	$	75,786

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

	*Quoted prices*		*Significant*
	*in active*		*other*
	*markets for*		*observable*		*Significant*
	*identical*		*remaining*		*unobservable*
	*assets (Level 1)*		*inputs (Level 2)*		*inputs (Level 3)*		*Total*
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	43,425	$	—	$	—	$	43,425
Restricted cash		6,689		—		—		6,689
Note receivable		—		401		—		401
Total assets	$	50,114	$	401	$	—	$	50,515
Liabilities:
Bank acceptance payable		—	$	15,860		—	$	15,860
Convertible senior notes		—		70,225		—		70,225
Total liabilities	$	—	$	86,085	$	—	$	86,085

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Note U - Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Subsequent Events [Text Block]

NOTE U—SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued.

In January 2022, the Company repaid its revolving bank line of credit of $14.4 million.

Note E - Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Cash and Cash Equivalents Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE E—CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the statement of financial position that sum to the total of the same such amounts in the statement of cash flows (in thousands):

	*December 31,*		*December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*
Cash and cash equivalents	$	34,656	$	43,425
Restricted cash		6,480		6,689
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	41,136	$	50,114

Restricted cash includes guarantee deposits for customs duties, China government subsidy fund, and compensating balances associated with certain credit facilities. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was $3.0 million and $4.9 million of restricted cash required for bank acceptance notes issued to vendors, respectively. There was $2.4 million and $0.5 million certificate of deposit associated with credit facilities with a bank in China as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 respectively. There was $1.0 million guarantee deposits for customs duties as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Note F - Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

NOTE F—EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic net loss per share has been computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share has been computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and dilutive potential common shares from options and restricted stock units outstanding during the period. In periods with net losses, normally dilutive shares become anti-dilutive. Therefore, basic and dilutive earnings per share are the same.

The following table presents the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*			*2020*			*2019*
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(54,162	)	$	(58,452	)	$	(66,049	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares used to compute net loss per share
Basic		26,912			21,867			19,982
Effect of dilutive options and restricted stock units		—			—			—
Diluted		26,912			21,867			19,982
Net loss per share
Basic	$	(2.01	)	$	(2.67	)	$	(3.31	)
Diluted	$	(2.01	)	$	(2.67	)	$	(3.31	)

The following potentially dilutive securities were excluded from diluted net loss per share as their effect would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

	*As of December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*
Employee stock options		3		19
Restricted stock units		3		5
Shares for convertible senior notes		4,587		4,587
Total antidilutive shares		4,593		4,611

Note N - Other Income and Expense - Other Income and Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Foreign exchange transaction gain	$ 454	$ 1	$ 20
Government subsidy income	1,345	2,708	1,614
Other non-operating gain	129	304	219
Loan forgiveness	6,229	(0)	(0)
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets	(1)	(15)	(13)
Total other income, net	$ 8,156	$ 2,998	$ 1,840

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 34,656	$ 43,425
Restricted cash	6,480	6,689
Accounts receivable - trade, net of allowance of $30 and $62, respectively	47,944	43,042
Notes receivable	8,148	401
Inventories	92,516	110,397
Prepaid income tax	1	2
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4,334	5,213
Total current assets	194,079	209,169
Property, plant and equipment, net	243,035	252,984
Land use rights, net	5,856	5,854
Operating right of use asset	7,078	7,729
Financing right of use asset	57	88
Intangible assets, net	3,836	3,999
Other assets, net	518	982
TOTAL ASSETS	454,459	480,805
Current liabilities
Current portion of notes payable and long-term debt	49,689	38,265
Accounts payable	34,402	29,482
Bank acceptance payable	8,198	15,860
Current lease liability - operating	1,062	1,012
Current lease liability - financing	19	18
Accrued liabilities	15,587	18,511
Total current liabilities	108,957	103,148
Notes payable and long-term debt, less current portion	5,000	13,904
Convertible senior notes	78,680	77,854
Non-current lease liability - operating	7,189	7,926
Non-current lease liability - financing	63	82
TOTAL LIABILITIES	199,889	202,914
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred Stock; 5,000 shares authorized at $0.001 par value; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively		0
Common Stock; 45,000 shares authorized at $0.001 par value; 27,323 and 25,110 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively	27	25
Additional paid-in capital	381,143	354,685
Accumulated other comprehensive income	16,071	11,690
Accumulated deficit	(142,671)	(88,509)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	254,570	277,891
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 454,459	$ 480,805

Note O - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended			37 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Nov. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred Tax Assets, Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	$ 44,448	$ 31,526
Deferred Tax Assets, in Process Research and Development	9,879	9,008
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards, Foreign	4,599	4,599
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance, Total	57,721	43,462	$ 25,736		$ 0
Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Increase (Decrease), Amount	$ 14,300	$ 17,700
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
Income Tax Holiday, Aggregate Dollar Amount	$ 0	$ 1,400	$ 1,000
Income Tax Holiday, Income Tax Benefits Per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.00	$ 0.05	$ 0.05
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Ending Balance	$ 181	$ 181	$ 181		$ 181
Income Tax Examination, Penalties and Interest Accrued, Total	0	0	0
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, PPP Loan Forgiveness, Amount	(1,308)	$ 0	$ 0
Undistributed Earnings of Foreign Subsidiaries	$ 0
State Administration of Taxation, China [Member]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent	25.00%			15.00%
TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	$ 71,500
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Carryforward Period (Year)	10 years
CHINA
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	$ 48,100
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Carryforward Period (Year)	5 years
Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Deferred Tax Assets, Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	$ 104,800
Deferred Tax Assets, Operating Loss Carryforwards, Subject to Expiration	32,700
Deferred Tax Assets, Operating Loss Carryforwards, Not Subject to Expiration	72,100
Deferred Tax Assets, in Process Research and Development	$ 9,900
Open Tax Year	2018 2019 2020
Foreign Tax Authority [Member]
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards, Foreign	$ 4,600
Open Tax Year	2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Note D - Leases - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
2022, operating leases	$ 1,312
2022, finance leases	22
2023, operating leases	1,327
2023, finance leases	66
2024, operating leases	1,231
2024, finance leases	0
2025, operating leases	1,257
2025, finance leases	0
2026, operating leases	1,197
2026, finance leases	0
2027 and thereafter, operating leases	2,923
2027 and thereafter, finance leases	0
Total operating lease payments	9,247
Total financing lease payments, , finance leases	88
Less imputed interest, operating leases	(996)
Less imputed interest, financing leases	(6)
Present value, operating leases	8,251
Present value, financing leases	$ 82

Note E - Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash - Summary of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 34,656	$ 43,425
Restricted cash	6,480	6,689
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$ 41,136	$ 50,114

Note H - Property, Plant and Equipment - Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 376,001	$ 360,975
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(167,772)	(142,434)
Property, plant and equipment, net before construction in progress and land	208,229	218,541
Property, plant and equipment, net	243,035	252,984
Land Improvements [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	806	806
Building and Building Improvements [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	89,698	88,280
Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	266,386	253,738
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	5,658	5,540
Computer Equipment and Software [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	12,727	11,912
Vehicles [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	726	699
Construction in Progress [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net	33,705	33,342
Land [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net	$ 1,101	$ 1,101

Note J - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 34,656	$ 43,425
Restricted cash	6,480	6,689
Note receivable	8,148	401
Total assets	49,284	50,515
Bank acceptance payable	8,198	15,860
Convertible senior notes	67,588	70,225
Total liabilities	75,786	86,085
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	34,656	43,425
Restricted cash	6,480	6,689
Note receivable	0	0
Total assets	41,136	50,114
Bank acceptance payable	0	0
Convertible senior notes	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Restricted cash	0	0
Note receivable	8,148	401
Total assets	8,148	401
Bank acceptance payable	8,198	15,860
Convertible senior notes	67,588	70,225
Total liabilities	75,786	86,085
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Restricted cash	0	0
Note receivable	0	0
Total assets	0	0
Bank acceptance payable	0	0
Convertible senior notes	0	0
Total liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounts receivable, allowance	$ 30	$ 62
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	45,000,000	45,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	27,323,000	25,110,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	27,323,000	25,110,000

Note L - Convertible Senior Notes - Schedule of Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Amortization of debt issuance costs	$ 865	$ 900	$ 892
The 5% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2024 [Member]
Contractual interest expense	4,025	4,025
Amortization of debt issuance costs	826	831
Total interest cost	$ 4,851	$ 4,856
Effective interest rate	5.10%	5.10%

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue, net	$ 211,565	$ 234,623	$ 190,872
Cost of goods sold	173,850	184,082	144,671
Gross profit	37,715	50,541	46,201
Operating expenses
Research and development	41,220	43,393	43,399
Sales and marketing	10,899	14,087	10,060
General and administrative	42,362	41,903	41,489
Total operating expenses	94,481	99,383	94,948
Loss from operations	(56,766)	(48,842)	(48,747)
Other income (expense)
Interest income	70	255	925
Interest expense	(5,620)	(5,635)	(5,405)
Other income, net	8,156	2,998	1,840
Total other income (expense), net	2,606	(2,382)	(2,640)
Loss before income taxes	(54,160)	(51,224)	(51,387)
Income tax expense	(2)	(7,228)	(14,662)
Net loss	$ (54,162)	$ (58,452)	$ (66,049)
Net loss per share
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (2.01)	$ (2.67)	$ (3.31)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (2.01)	$ (2.67)	$ (3.31)
Weighted average shares used to compute net loss per share:
Basic (in shares)	26,912,141	21,866,630	19,982,363
Diluted (in shares)	26,912,141	21,866,630	19,982,363

Note K - Notes Payable and Long-term Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE K—NOTES PAYABLE AND LONG-TERM DEBT

Notes payable and long-term debt consisted of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*December 31, 2021*			*December 31, 2020*

Revolving line of credit with a U.S. bank up to $20,000 with interest at LIBOR plus 1.5% , maturing April 2, 2021		—		$	18,700
Revolving line of credit with a U.S. bank up to $20,000 with interest at SOFR plus 1.56% , maturing April 15, 2023	$	14,373			—
Paycheck Protection Program Term Note with interest at fixed rate 1.0%, maturing April 16, 2022		—			6,229
Revolving line of credit with a Taiwan bank up to $3,436 with 2.2% interest, maturing January 31, 2021		—			1,756
Notes payable to a finance company due in monthly installments with 3.5% interest, maturing January 21, 2022		—			1,941
Notes payable to a finance company due in monthly installments with 3.1% interest, maturing January 21, 2022		170			2,149
Revolving line of credit with a China bank up to $8,917 with interest ranging from 4.5%, maturing October 15, 2021		—			2,299
Revolving line of credit with a China bank up to $25,449 with interest from 3.01% to 4.57%, maturing May 24, 2024		19,595			11,603
Credit facility with a China bank up to $14,125 with interest of 3.5%, maturing January 1, 2024		13,044			—
Credit facility with a China bank up to $7,167 with interest of 5.7%, maturing from June 20, 2022		7,529			7,510
Sub-total		54,711			52,187
Less debt issuance costs, net		(22	)		(18	)
Grand total		54,689			52,169
Less current portion		(49,689	)		(38,265	)
Non-current portion	$	5,000		$	13,904

Bank Acceptance Notes Payable
Bank acceptance notes issued to vendors with a zero percent interest rate	$	8,198		$	15,860

The current portion of long-term debt is the amount payable within one year of the balance sheet date of December 31, 2021.

Maturities of notes payable and long-term debt are as follows for the future years ending December 31 (in thousands):

2022	$	49,689
2023		5,000
Total outstanding	$	54,689

On September 28, 2017, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement (“Loan Agreement”), a Promissory Note, an Addendum to the Promissory Note, a Security Agreement, a Trademark Security Agreement, and a Patent Security Agreement (together the “Credit Facility”) with Truist Bank (which acquired Branch Banking and Trust Company or BB&T in connection with a merger in December 2019). The Company’s obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by the Company’s accounts receivable, inventory, intellectual property, and all business assets with the exception of real estate and equipment.

On September 30, 2019, the Company executed a Fourth Amendment to Loan Agreement (the “Fourth Amendment”) with Truist Bank. Under the terms of the Fourth Amendment (i) the maximum commitment under the line of credit was reduced from $25,000,000 to $20,000,000; (ii) the maturity date of the line of credit was extended to April 2, 2021; (iii) pricing of the unused line fee was adjusted to 0.30% per annum; and (iv) the Fourth Amendment established the requirement that if, at any time during any reporting period and pursuant to the most recent loan base report received by Truist Bank, the principal balance outstanding under the line of credit exceeds the lesser of the approved maximum amount of the line of credit commitment amount or the collateral loan value reduced by the reserves, the Company shall immediately prepay the line of credit to the extent necessary to eliminate such excess. Such reserves shall, at any time that the fixed charge coverage ratio for the loan is less than 1.5 to 1.0, tested for the period of twelve months ended on the applicable covenant measurement date, equal to an amount equal to seventy-five percent (75%) of the lesser of the line of credit commitment amount or collateral loan value reduced by the sum of (i) the principal balance outstanding under the line of credit, (ii) the letter of credit exposure reserve, and (iii) the availability reserve as determined by Truist Bank from the most recent loan base report and otherwise in the sole discretion of Truist Bank after consideration of collections.

On April 5, 2021, the Company executed a Fifth Amendment to the Loan Agreement (the "Fifth Amendment") and a Fourth Amendment to a Security Agreement, a Note Modification Agreement, and an Addendum to a Promissory Note (together with the Fifth Amendment, the “Fifth Amended Credit Facility”) with Truist Bank. The Amended Credit Facility renews the $20 million line of credit with Truist Bank originally entered into on September 28, 2017. Under the terms of the Fifth Amended Credit Facility, the maturity date of the line of credit is extended from April 2, 2021 to October 15, 2022. Borrowings will bear interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.5%, with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%.

On December 29, 2021, the Company executed a Sixth Amendment to the Loan Agreement (the "Sixth Amendment") and a Fifth Amendment to Security Agreement, a Note Modification Agreement, and an Addendum to Promissory Note (together the "Sixth Amended Credit Facility") with Truist Bank. The Sixth Amended Credit Facility extends the $20 million line of credit, originally entered into on September 28, 2017, until April 15, 2023. Borrowings will bear interest at a rate equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 1.56%, with a SOFR floor of 0.75%. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $14.4 million outstanding and was in compliance with all covenants under the Sixth Amended Credit Facility.

On April 17, 2020, the Company entered into a term note ("PPP Term Note") with Truist Bank, with a principal amount of $6.23 million pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The PPP loan is evidenced by a promissory note. The PPP Term Note bears interest at a fixed annual rate of 1.00%, with the first six months of interest deferred. Beginning in November 2020, the Company is required to make 18 equal monthly payments of principal and interest with the final payment due in April 2022. The PPP Term Note may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default. The PPP Term Note is unsecured and guaranteed by the United States Small Business Administration ("SBA"). On June 14, 2021, the Company received notification from Truist Bank that the SBA approved the Company's application for forgiveness of the entire principal amount of the PPP Term Note, plus all accrued interest. The forgiveness of the PPP Term Note has been recognized as other income for the year ended December 31, 2021.

On September 15, 2020, Prime World entered into an Amendment to the Finance Lease Agreements dated November 29, 2018 and January 21, 2019 (the “Amendment”) with Chailease Finance Co., Ltd. (“Chailease”). The Amendment amends the Finance Lease Agreements, dated November 29, 2018 and January 21, 2019 (hereafter collectively referred to as the “Original Finance Agreements”). Pursuant to the Amendment, Prime World agrees to pay Chailease NT$22,311,381, or approximately $0.8 million for certain leased equipment listed in the Amendment (the “Leased Equipment”). This payment will include all outstanding lease payments, costs and expenses; simultaneously, Chailease agrees to transfer title of such Leased Equipment back to Prime World. Regarding all other equipment contemplated in the Original Finance Agreements but not listed in the Amendment, pursuant to the terms and conditions made under the Original Finance Agreements, Prime World is obligated to pay Chailease monthly lease payments which total NT$159,027,448, or approximately $5.5 million (the “Lease Payments”). The Lease Payments will begin on September 21, 2020 with the last lease payment due on January 21, 2022, title of all other equipment contemplated under the Original Finance Agreements but not listed in the Amendment will transfer to Prime World upon completion of the lease payments and expiration of the Original Finance Agreements. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has fully repaid the November 29, 2018 Finance Lease Agreement, and the Company had $0.2 million outstanding under the January 21, 2019 Finance Lease Agreement.

On October 7, 2020, Prime World entered into a revolving credit facility totaling NT$100 million, or approximately $3.44 million (the “NT$100M Credit Line”) and a $1 million USD credit line (the “US$1M Credit Line”) with Taishin International Bank in Taiwan ("Taishin"). Borrowing under the NT$100M Credit Line will be used for short-term working capital; borrowing under the US$1M Credit Line will be strictly used for spot transactions in the foreign exchange market. The NT$100M Credit Line and the US$1M Credit Line are collectively referred to as the “Taishin Credit Facility”. On January 14, 2021, the NT$100M Credit Line with Taishin was extended for three (3) months until April 14, 2021. Prime World may draw upon the Taishin Credit Facility from October 7, 2020 through April 14, 2021. The term of each draw under the NT$100M Credit Line shall be either 90 or 120 days and will bear interest at a rate of 2.15% for each draw; borrowings under the US$1M Credit Line will bear interest equal to Taishin’s foreign exchange rate effective on the day of the applicable draw. At the end of the draw term Prime World will make payment for all principal and accrued interest. Prime World’s obligations under the Taishin Credit Facility will be secured by a promissory note between Prime World and Taishin. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has fully repaid the Taishin Credit Facility.

On April 19, 2019, the Company’s China subsidiary, Global, entered into a twelve (12) month revolving line of credit agreement, totaling 60,000,000 RMB, or approximately $8.9 million, (the “China Merchants Credit Line”), with China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd., in Ningbo, China (“China Merchants”). The China Merchants Credit Line will be used by Global for general corporate purposes, including the issuance of bank acceptance notes to Global’s vendors. On April 14, 2020, the China Merchants Credit Line was extended for twelve (12) months. Global may draw upon the China Merchants Credit Line from April 19, 2019 until October 14, 2020 (the “Credit Period”). During the Credit Period, Global may request to draw upon the China Merchants Credit Line on an as-needed basis; however, the amount of available credit under the China Merchants Credit Line and the approval of each draw may be reduced or declined by China Merchants due to changes in Chinese government regulations and/or changes in Global’s financial and operational condition at the time of each requested draw. Each draw will bear interest equal to China Merchants’ commercial banking interest rate effective on the day of the applicable draw. Global’s obligations under the China Merchants Credit Line are unsecured. The China Merchants Credit Line has been replaced by the Replacement China Merchants Credit Line on October 19, 2020.

On May 24, 2019, the Company’s China subsidiary, Global, entered into a five-year revolving credit line agreement, totaling 180,000,000 RMB (the “SPD Credit Line”), or approximately $25.4 million, and a mortgage security agreement, with Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Co., Ltd ("SPD"). Borrowing under the SPD Credit Line will be used for general corporate and capital investment purposes, including the issuance of bank acceptance notes to Global’s vendors. The total SPD Credit Line of 180 million RMB is inclusive of all credit facilities previously entered into with SPD including: a 30 million RMB credit facility entered into on May 7, 2019; and a 9.9 million RMB credit facility entered into on April 30, 2019. Global may draw upon the SPD Credit Line on an as-needed basis at any time during the 5-year term; however, draws under the SPD Credit Line may become due and repayable to SPD at SPD’s discretion due to changes in Chinese government regulations and/or changes in Global’s financial and operational condition. Each draw will bear interest equal to SPD’s commercial banking interest rate effective on the day of the applicable draw. Global’s obligations under the SPD Credit Line will be secured by real property owned by Global and mortgaged to the Bank under the terms of the mortgage security agreement. As of December 31, 2021, $19.6 million was outstanding under the SPD Credit Line and the outstanding balance of bank acceptance notes issued to vendors was $5.4 million.

On June 21, 2019, the Company’s China subsidiary, Global, entered into an 18 month credit facility totaling 100,000,000 RMB (the “¥100M Credit Facility”), or approximately $14.1 million, with China Zheshang Bank Co., Ltd., in Ningbo City, China (“CZB”). Borrowing under the ¥100M Credit Facility will be used by Global for general corporate purposes. On January 6, 2021, the ¥100M Credit Facility with CZB was extended for three (3) years until January 5, 2024. Global may draw upon the ¥100M Credit Facility from June 21, 2019 until January 5, 2024 (the “¥100M Credit Period”). During the ¥100M Credit Period, Global may request to draw upon the ¥100M Credit Facility on an as-needed basis; however, draws under the ¥100M Credit Facility may become due and repayable to CZB at CZB’s discretion due to changes in Chinese government regulations and/or changes in Global’s financial and operational condition. Each draw will bear interest equal to CZB’s commercial banking interest rate effective on the day of the applicable draw. Global’s obligations under the ¥100M Credit Facility will be secured by real property owned by Global and mortgaged to CZB under the terms of the Real Estate Security Agreement. The agreements for the ¥100M Credit Facility and the Real Estate Security Agreement also contain rights and obligations, representations and warranties, and events of default applicable to the Company that are customary for agreements of this type. As of December 31, 2021, $13.0 million was outstanding under the ¥100M Credit Facility and the outstanding balance of bank acceptance notes issued to vendors was $2.7 million.

On June 21, 2019, the Company’s China subsidiary, Global, entered into a three-year credit facility totaling 50,000,000 RMB (the “¥50M Credit Facility”), or approximately $7.1 million, with CZB. Borrowing under the ¥50M Credit Facility will be used by Global for general corporate purposes. Global may draw upon the ¥50M Credit Facility from June 21, 2019 until June 20, 2022 (the “¥50M Credit Period”). During the ¥50M Credit Period, Global may request to draw upon the ¥50M Credit Facility on an as-needed basis; however, draws under the ¥50M Credit Facility may become due and repayable to CZB at CZB’s discretion due to changes in Chinese government regulations and/or changes in Global’s financial and operational condition. Each draw will bear interest equal to CZB’s commercial banking interest rate effective on the day of the applicable draw. Global’s obligations under the ¥50M Credit Facility will be secured by machinery and equipment owned by Global and mortgaged to CZB under the terms of the Machinery and Equipment Security Agreement. As of December 31, 2021, $7.5 million was outstanding under the ¥50M Credit Facility.

On October 19, 2020, the Company’s China subsidiary, Global entered into a new twelve (12) month revolving line of credit agreement, totaling 60,000,000 RMB, or approximately $8.9 million (the “Replacement China Merchants Credit Line”), with China Merchants, to replace the original China Merchants Credit Line. The Replacement China Merchants Credit Line will be used by Global for general corporate purposes. Global may draw upon the Replacement China Merchants Credit Line during the period from October 16, 2020 until October 15, 2021. During such period, Global may request to draw upon the Replacement China Merchants Credit Line on an as-needed basis; however, the amount of available credit under the Replacement China Merchants Credit Line and the approval of each draw may be reduced or declined by China Merchants due to changes in Chinese government regulations and/or changes in Global’s financial and operational condition at the time of each requested draw. Each draw will bear interest equal to the China Merchants’ commercial banking interest rate effective on the day of the applicable draw. Global’s obligations under the Replacement China Merchants Credit Line is unsecured. As of December 31, 2021, there was no outstanding amount under the Replacement China Merchants Credit Line and the outstanding balance of bank acceptance notes issued to vendors was $0.1 million.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had $7.4 million and $28.7 million of unused borrowing capacity, respectively.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was each $5.4 million restricted cash, investments or security deposit associated mainly with the loan facilities, respectively.

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (g)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495348-112611

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Note N - Other Income and Expense (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule of Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Table Text Block]

	*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*			*2020*			*2019*
Foreign exchange transaction gain	$	454		$	1		$	20
Government subsidy income		1,345			2,708			1,614
Other non-operating gain		129			304			219
Loan forgiveness		6,229			—			—
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets		(1	)		(15	)		(13	)
Total other income, net	$	8,156		$	2,998		$	1,840

Note M - Accrued Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Accounts Payable, Accrued Liabilities, and Other Liabilities Disclosure, Current [Text Block]

NOTE M—ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*December 31, 2021*		*December 31, 2020*
Accrued payroll	$	6,516	$	10,517
Accrued employee benefits		3,471		3,057
Accrued state and local taxes		1,897		251
Accrued interest		1,475		1,256
Advance payments		195		303
Accrued product warranty		263		703
Accrued commission expenses		1,003		974
Accrued professional fees		346		377
Accrued shipping and tariff expenses		33		526
Accrued other		388		547
Total accrued liabilities	$	15,587	$	18,511

Note E - Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents [Table Text Block]

	*December 31,*		*December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*
Cash and cash equivalents	$	34,656	$	43,425
Restricted cash		6,480		6,689
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	41,136	$	50,114

Note K - Notes Payable and Long-term Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule of Debt [Table Text Block]

	*December 31, 2021*			*December 31, 2020*

Revolving line of credit with a U.S. bank up to $20,000 with interest at LIBOR plus 1.5% , maturing April 2, 2021		—		$	18,700
Revolving line of credit with a U.S. bank up to $20,000 with interest at SOFR plus 1.56% , maturing April 15, 2023	$	14,373			—
Paycheck Protection Program Term Note with interest at fixed rate 1.0%, maturing April 16, 2022		—			6,229
Revolving line of credit with a Taiwan bank up to $3,436 with 2.2% interest, maturing January 31, 2021		—			1,756
Notes payable to a finance company due in monthly installments with 3.5% interest, maturing January 21, 2022		—			1,941
Notes payable to a finance company due in monthly installments with 3.1% interest, maturing January 21, 2022		170			2,149
Revolving line of credit with a China bank up to $8,917 with interest ranging from 4.5%, maturing October 15, 2021		—			2,299
Revolving line of credit with a China bank up to $25,449 with interest from 3.01% to 4.57%, maturing May 24, 2024		19,595			11,603
Credit facility with a China bank up to $14,125 with interest of 3.5%, maturing January 1, 2024		13,044			—
Credit facility with a China bank up to $7,167 with interest of 5.7%, maturing from June 20, 2022		7,529			7,510
Sub-total		54,711			52,187
Less debt issuance costs, net		(22	)		(18	)
Grand total		54,689			52,169
Less current portion		(49,689	)		(38,265	)
Non-current portion	$	5,000		$	13,904

Bank Acceptance Notes Payable
Bank acceptance notes issued to vendors with a zero percent interest rate	$	8,198		$	15,860

Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt [Table Text Block]

2022	$	49,689
2023		5,000
Total outstanding	$	54,689

Note L - Convertible Senior Notes - Schedule of Carrying Value of Convertible Senior Notes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Mar. 05, 2019
Net carrying amount	$ 78,680	$ 77,854
The 5% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2024 [Member]
Principal	80,500		$ 80,500
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,820)
Net carrying amount	$ 78,680

Note O - Income Taxes - Provision for Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Federal	$ 0	$ 41	$ 0
State	2	2	16
Foreign	0	0	97
Total	2	43	113
Federal	0	(172)	16,375
State	0	0	1,716
Foreign	0	7,357	(3,542)
Total	0	7,185	14,549
Income tax (benefit) expense	$ 2	$ 7,228	$ 14,662

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Note O - Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign [Table Text Block]

	*Years ended December 31,*
	*2021*			*2020*			*2019*
Domestic	$	(21,229	)	$	(20,288	)		(35,279	)
Foreign		(32,931	)		(30,936	)		(16,108	)
Total loss before income taxes	$	(54,160	)	$	(51,224	)		(51,387	)

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]

Current:	*2021*		*2020*			*2019*
Federal	$	—	$	41		$	—
State		2		2			16
Foreign		—		—			97
Total	$	2	$	43		$	113
Deferred:
Federal	$	—	$	(172	)	$	16,375
State		—		—			1,716
Foreign		—		7,357			(3,542	)
Total	$	—	$	7,185		$	14,549

Income tax (benefit) expense	$	2	$	7,228		$	14,662

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]

	*2021*			*2020*
NOL carryforward	$	44,448		$	31,526
Inventory reserves		2,872			2,241
Unrealized gains and losses		69			59
Share-based compensation		645			618
Foreign tax credit		4,599			4,599
Research and development credits		9,879			9,008
Interest		2,840			1,784
ASC 842 Assets		1,740			1,671
Other		728			784
Deferred tax assets		67,820			52,290
Less valuation allowance		(57,721	)		(43,462	)
Deferred tax assets, net		10,099			8,828
Depreciation and amortization		(8,600	)		(7,402	)
ASC 842 Liabilities		(1,499	)		(1,426	)
Deferred tax liabilities		(10,099	)		(8,828	)
Deferred tax assets, net	$	—		$	—

Summary of Valuation Allowance [Table Text Block]

	*2021*		*2020*		*2019*
Beginning Balance, January 1	$	43,462	$	25,736	$	—
Change charged to expense/(income)		13,822		17,137		25,736
Change charged to currency translation adjustment		437		589		—
Ending Balance, December 31	$	57,721	$	43,462	$	25,736

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

	*2021*			*2020*			*2019*
Expected taxes at statutory rate	$	(11,374	)	$	(10,775	)	$	(10,791	)
PPP loan forgiveness		(1,308	)		—			—
Non-deductible/non-taxable items		897			1,132			962
Foreign rate differences		107			1,153			590
Foreign permanent differences		(1,320	)		(1,002	)		(671	)
Changes in valuation allowance		13,822			17,137			25,736
Share-based compensation		468			426			607
Research and development credits		(872	)		(744	)		(1,616	)
Alternative Minimum Tax		—			(172	)		—
Foreign other		—			12			27
Other, net		(418	)		61			(182	)
Tax (benefit) expense	$	2		$	7,228		$	14,662

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward [Table Text Block]

	*2021*		*2020*		*2019*
Unrecognized tax benefits — January 1	$	181	$	181	$	181
Gross increases — tax positions in prior period		—		—		—
Gross decreases — tax positions in prior period		—		—		—
Unrecognized tax benefits — December 31	$	181	$	181	$	181

Note M - Accrued Liabilities - Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Accrued payroll	$ 6,516	$ 10,517
Accrued employee benefits	3,471	3,057
Accrued state and local taxes	1,897	251
Accrued interest	1,475	1,256
Advance payments	195	303
Accrued product warranty	263	703
Accrued commission expenses	1,003	974
Accrued professional fees	346	377
Accrued shipping and tariff expenses	33	526
Accrued other	388	547
Total accrued liabilities	$ 15,587	$ 18,511

Note B - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Property, Plant and Equipment (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Land Improvements [Member]
Useful lives (Year)	10 years
Vehicles [Member]
Useful lives (Year)	5 years
Minimum [Member] \| Building [Member]
Useful lives (Year)	20 years
Minimum [Member] \| Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Useful lives (Year)	2 years
Minimum [Member] \| Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Useful lives (Year)	3 years
Minimum [Member] \| Computer Equipment and Software [Member]
Useful lives (Year)	3 years
Maximum [Member] \| Building [Member]
Useful lives (Year)	42 years
Maximum [Member] \| Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Useful lives (Year)	20 years
Maximum [Member] \| Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Useful lives (Year)	7 years
Maximum [Member] \| Computer Equipment and Software [Member]
Useful lives (Year)	10 years

Note N - Other Income and Expense

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Other Nonoperating Income and Expense [Text Block]

NOTE N—OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSE

Other income and expense consisted of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*			*2020*			*2019*
Foreign exchange transaction gain	$	454		$	1		$	20
Government subsidy income		1,345			2,708			1,614
Other non-operating gain		129			304			219
Loan forgiveness		6,229			—			—
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets		(1	)		(15	)		(13	)
Total other income, net	$	8,156		$	2,998		$	1,840

Note F - Earnings Per Share - Potentially Dilutive Securities Excluded from Diluted Net Income (Loss) per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Total antidilutive shares (in shares)	4,593	4,611
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Total antidilutive shares (in shares)	3	19
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Total antidilutive shares (in shares)	3	5
Convertible Debt Securities [Member]
Total antidilutive shares (in shares)	4,587	4,587

Note O - Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE O—INCOME TAXES

The sources of the Company’s loss from operations before income taxes were as follows (in thousands):

	*Years ended December 31,*
	*2021*			*2020*			*2019*
Domestic	$	(21,229	)	$	(20,288	)		(35,279	)
Foreign		(32,931	)		(30,936	)		(16,108	)
Total loss before income taxes	$	(54,160	)	$	(51,224	)		(51,387	)

The provision for income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, was as follows (in thousands):

Current:	*2021*		*2020*			*2019*
Federal	$	—	$	41		$	—
State		2		2			16
Foreign		—		—			97
Total	$	2	$	43		$	113
Deferred:
Federal	$	—	$	(172	)	$	16,375
State		—		—			1,716
Foreign		—		7,357			(3,542	)
Total	$	—	$	7,185		$	14,549

Income tax (benefit) expense	$	2	$	7,228		$	14,662

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities result principally from net operating losses, different methods of recognizing depreciation, reserves for doubtful accounts and inventory, research and development credits and foreign tax credits. At December 31, the net deferred tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following approximate amounts (in thousands):

	*2021*			*2020*
NOL carryforward	$	44,448		$	31,526
Inventory reserves		2,872			2,241
Unrealized gains and losses		69			59
Share-based compensation		645			618
Foreign tax credit		4,599			4,599
Research and development credits		9,879			9,008
Interest		2,840			1,784
ASC 842 Assets		1,740			1,671
Other		728			784
Deferred tax assets		67,820			52,290
Less valuation allowance		(57,721	)		(43,462	)
Deferred tax assets, net		10,099			8,828
Depreciation and amortization		(8,600	)		(7,402	)
ASC 842 Liabilities		(1,499	)		(1,426	)
Deferred tax liabilities		(10,099	)		(8,828	)
Deferred tax assets, net	$	—		$	—

The Company has a U.S. net operating loss carry forward of approximately $104.8 million, $32.7 million of which, if unused, expires between 2026 and 2032 and $72.1 million of which, can be carried forward indefinitely. The Company has U.S. and state research and development tax credits of $9.9 million, which, if unused, expire between 2028 and 2041. In addition, the Company has foreign tax credits of $4.6 million, which, if unused, will expire in 2028. Utilization of U.S. net operating losses and tax credit carry forwards are subject to an annual limitation due to the ownership change limitations set forth in Internal Revenue Code Section 382. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had Taiwan net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $71.5 million and China net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $48.1 million. The carryforward period for the Taiwan net operating loss carry forwards is ten years, and the expiration period begins 2028. The carryforward period for China net operating loss carry forwards is five years, and the expiration period begins 2024.

Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the cumulative loss incurred over the three-year period ended December 31, 2021. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as our projections for future growth.

On the basis of this evaluation, as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, a valuation allowance of $57.7 million and $43.5 million, respectively, has been recorded to recognize only the portion of the deferred tax asset that is more likely than not to be realized. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the valuation allowance increased by $14.3 million and $17.7 million, respectively, primarily due to an increase in deferred tax assets with a full valuation allowance and recording a valuation allowance in certain jurisdictions. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced or increased or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight is given to subjective evidence such as our projections for growth.

The following table shows the change in the deferred tax valuation as follows:

	*2021*		*2020*		*2019*
Beginning Balance, January 1	$	43,462	$	25,736	$	—
Change charged to expense/(income)		13,822		17,137		25,736
Change charged to currency translation adjustment		437		589		—
Ending Balance, December 31	$	57,721	$	43,462	$	25,736

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, to the Company’s effective income tax rate follows (in thousands):

	*2021*			*2020*			*2019*
Expected taxes at statutory rate	$	(11,374	)	$	(10,775	)	$	(10,791	)
PPP loan forgiveness		(1,308	)		—			—
Non-deductible/non-taxable items		897			1,132			962
Foreign rate differences		107			1,153			590
Foreign permanent differences		(1,320	)		(1,002	)		(671	)
Changes in valuation allowance		13,822			17,137			25,736
Share-based compensation		468			426			607
Research and development credits		(872	)		(744	)		(1,616	)
Alternative Minimum Tax		—			(172	)		—
Foreign other		—			12			27
Other, net		(418	)		61			(182	)
Tax (benefit) expense	$	2		$	7,228		$	14,662

The Company's provision for income taxes in 2021 was lower than 2020 primarily due to the change of the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets.

The Company's provision for income taxes in 2020 was lower than 2019 due to the recognition of a valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets, along with excess tax expense from stock-based compensation, partially offset by differences in pre-tax income and recording research and development credits.

The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Prime World is a tax-exempt entity under the Income Tax Code of the British Virgin Islands.

The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Global Technology, Inc., has enjoyed preferential tax concessions in China as a national high-tech enterprise. In March 2007, China’s parliament enacted the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law, under which, effective January 1, 2008, China adopted a uniform income tax rate of 25% for all enterprises including foreign invested enterprises. Global Technology, Inc. was recognized as a National high-tech enterprise in 2008 and was entitled to a 15% tax rate for a three year period from November 2008 to November 2011. In 2011, 2014, and 2017, Global Technology, Inc. renewed its National high-tech enterprise certificate and therefore extended its three-year tax preferential status through November 2020. In December 2020, Global Technology, Inc. again renewed its National high-tech enterprise certificate and therefore extended its three-year tax preferential status from December 2020 until December 2023. This tax holiday reduced its 2021, 2020 and 2019 income tax provision by approximately $0.0 million, $1.4 million, and $1.0 million, respectively. This tax holiday reduced its fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019 diluted earnings per share by approximately $0.00, $0.05, and $0.05 respectively. Effective January 1, 2016, China expanded the scope of the National high-tech enterprise to include additional deductions for qualifying research and development.

As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefit was $0.2 million, $0.2 million, and $0.2 million, respectively. The following is a tabular reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):

	*2021*		*2020*		*2019*
Unrecognized tax benefits — January 1	$	181	$	181	$	181
Gross increases — tax positions in prior period		—		—		—
Gross decreases — tax positions in prior period		—		—		—
Unrecognized tax benefits — December 31	$	181	$	181	$	181

The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties as income tax expense. Related to the unrecognized tax benefits noted above, it has not accrued penalties or interest during 2021 as a result of net operating losses. During 2020 or 2019, the Company also accrued no penalties or interest.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s open tax years subject to examination in the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions are 2018 through 2020. To the extent allowed by law, the taxing authorities may have the right to examine prior periods where net operating losses or tax credits were generated and carried forward, and make adjustments up to the amount of the net operating loss or tax credit carryforward. The Company is subject to examination for tax years 2011 forward for various foreign jurisdictions.

The U.S. Tax Act significantly changed how the U.S. taxes corporations. The U.S. Tax Act requires complex computations to be performed that were not previously required by U.S. tax law, significant judgments to be made in interpretation of the provisions of the U.S. Tax Act, significant estimates in calculations, and the preparation and analysis of information not previously relevant or regularly produced. The U.S. Treasury Department, the IRS, and other standard-setting bodies will continue to interpret or issue guidance on how provisions of the U.S. Tax Act will be applied or otherwise administered. As future guidance is issued, the Company may make adjustments to amounts that we have previously recorded that may materially impact our provision for income taxes in the period in which the adjustments are made.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CARES Act was signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act, among other things, includes tax provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer social security payments, net operating loss utilization and carryback periods, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property (“QIP”). On December 27, 2020, the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020 was enacted as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, followed by the American Rescue Plan Act on March 1, 2021. These recent laws, among many other provisions, expand and extend the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), refundable employee retention tax credits previously made available under the CARES Act and allow a full deduction for business meals for the 2021 and 2022 tax years. During 2021, the Company recognized a tax benefit of $1.3 million on the non-taxable forgiveness of the PPP loan (see also Note K). However, the legislation had no material impact to income tax expense on the Company’s financial statements as a result of our valuation allowance.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company does not have any accumulated undistributed earnings generated by foreign subsidiaries. The Company expects any earnings of foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely invested outside the United States on the basis of estimates that future domestic cash generation will be sufficient to meet future domestic cash needs.

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Note R - Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas [Table Text Block]

	*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*		*2019*
Revenues:
United States	$	14,633	$	18,380	$	9,795
Taiwan		99,201		131,076		97,776
China		97,731		85,167		83,301
	$	211,565	$	234,623	$	190,872

Long-lived Assets by Geographic Areas [Table Text Block]

	*As of December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*		*2019*
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	87,709	$	90,999	$	94,507
Taiwan		63,644		71,080		73,816
China		108,509		108,575		97,687
	$	259,862	$	270,654	$	266,010

Note H - Property, Plant and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE H—PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*December 31, 2021*			*December 31, 2020*
Land improvements	$	806		$	806
Building and improvements		89,698			88,280
Machinery and equipment		266,386			253,738
Furniture and fixtures		5,658			5,540
Computer equipment and software		12,727			11,912
Transportation equipment		726			699
		376,001			360,975
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(167,772	)		(142,434	)
		208,229			218,541
Construction in progress		33,705			33,342
Land		1,101			1,101
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	243,035		$	252,984

For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, depreciation expense of property, plant and equipment was $24.8 million, $24.2 million, and $23.5 million, respectively. For the years December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the capitalized interest was $0.9 million, $0.4 million, and $0.2 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company concluded that its continued loss history constitutes a triggering event as described in ASC 360-10-35-21, Property, Plant, and Equipment. The Company performed a recoverability test and concluded that future undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying amount of the Company’s long-lived assets and therefore no impairment charge was recorded.

Note M - Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]

	*December 31, 2021*		*December 31, 2020*
Accrued payroll	$	6,516	$	10,517
Accrued employee benefits		3,471		3,057
Accrued state and local taxes		1,897		251
Accrued interest		1,475		1,256
Advance payments		195		303
Accrued product warranty		263		703
Accrued commission expenses		1,003		974
Accrued professional fees		346		377
Accrued shipping and tariff expenses		33		526
Accrued other		388		547
Total accrued liabilities	$	15,587	$	18,511

Note B - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule of Useful Lives of Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]

	*Useful lives (in years)*

Buildings		20 - 42
Land improvements		10
Machinery and equipment		2 - 20
Furniture and fixtures		3 - 7
Computer equipment and software		3 - 10
Leasehold improvements		The shorter of the life of the applicable lease or the useful life of the improvement
Transportation equipment		5

Schedule of Product Warranty Liability [Table Text Block]

	*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*			*2020*			*2019*
Beginning Balance, January 1	$	703		$	821		$	995
Warranty costs incurred		(826	)		(457	)		(1,261	)
Provision for warranty		386			339			1,087
Ending Balance, December 31	$	263		$	703		$	821

Note I - Intangible Assets (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Amortization of Intangible Assets, Total	$ 0.5	$ 0.5	$ 0.5
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Remaining Amortization Period (Year)	6 years

Note H - Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]

	*December 31, 2021*			*December 31, 2020*
Land improvements	$	806		$	806
Building and improvements		89,698			88,280
Machinery and equipment		266,386			253,738
Furniture and fixtures		5,658			5,540
Computer equipment and software		12,727			11,912
Transportation equipment		726			699
		376,001			360,975
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(167,772	)		(142,434	)
		208,229			218,541
Construction in progress		33,705			33,342
Land		1,101			1,101
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	243,035		$	252,984

Note I - Intangible Assets - Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
2022	$ 584
2023	584
2024	584
2025	584
2026	584
thereafter	916
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Ending Balance	$ 3,836	$ 3,999

Note D - Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Lessee, Operating and Finance Leases [Text Block]

NOTE D— Leases

The Company leases space under non-cancellable operating leases for manufacturing facilities, research and development offices and certain storage facilities and apartments. These leases do not contain contingent rent provisions. The Company also leases certain machinery, office equipment and a vehicle under operating leases. Many of its leases include both lease (e.g. fixed payments including rent, taxes, and insurance costs) and non-lease components (e.g. common-area or other maintenance costs) which are accounted for as a single lease component as the Company has elected the practical expedient to group lease and non-lease components for all leases. Several of the leases include one or more options to renew which have been assessed and either includes or excludes from the calculation of the lease liability of the ROU asset based on management’s intentions and individual fact patterns. Several warehouses and apartments have non-cancellable lease terms of less than one-year and therefore, the Company has elected the practical expedient to exclude these short-term leases from its ROU asset and lease liabilities.

As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Based on the applicable lease terms and current economic environment, the Company applies a location approach for determining the incremental borrowing rate.

The Components of lease expense were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*Year ended December 31,*		*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*
Operating lease expense	$	1,230	$	1,206
Financing lease expense		32		32
Short Term lease expense		19		130
Total lease expense	$	1,281	$	1,368

Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows for the future one-year periods ending December 31, (in thousands):

	*Operating*			*Financing*
2022	$	1,312		$	22
2023		1,327			66
2024		1,231			—
2025		1,257			—
2026		1,197			—
2027 and thereafter		2,923			—
Total lease payments	$	9,247		$	88
Less imputed interest		(996	)		(6	)
Present value	$	8,251		$	82

The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for operating leases were as follows for the periods indicated:

	*December 31,*		*December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) - operating leases		7.15		8.09
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) - financing leases		1.83		2.83
Weighted Average Discount Rate - operating leases		3.22%		3.23%
Weighted Average Discount Rate - financing leases		5.00%		5.00%

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	*Year ended December 31,*		*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases		1,287		1,351
Operating cash flows from financing lease		5		5
Financing cash flows from financing lease		18		17
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		124		712

Note L - Convertible Senior Notes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Mar. 05, 2019	Dec. 31, 2021
Truist Bank [Member] \| CapEx Loan and Term Loan [Member]
Repayments of Long-term Debt, Total	$ 37,800,000
The 5% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 80,500,000	$ 80,500,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	5.00%
Proceeds from Convertible Debt	$ 76,400,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued (in shares)	56.9801
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount	$ 1,000
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price (in dollars per share)	$ 17.55
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price Premium, Percentage	30.00%
Share Price (in dollars per share)	$ 13.50
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Threshold Percentage of Stock Price Trigger	130.00%
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Threshold Trading Days	20
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Threshold Consecutive Trading Days	30
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage of Principal Amount Redeemed	100.00%
Debt Issuance Costs, Gross	$ 4,100,000

Note D - Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]

	*Year ended December 31,*		*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*
Operating lease expense	$	1,230	$	1,206
Financing lease expense		32		32
Short Term lease expense		19		130
Total lease expense	$	1,281	$	1,368

	*December 31,*		*December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) - operating leases		7.15		8.09
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) - financing leases		1.83		2.83
Weighted Average Discount Rate - operating leases		3.22%		3.23%
Weighted Average Discount Rate - financing leases		5.00%		5.00%

	*Year ended December 31,*		*Year ended December 31,*
	*2021*		*2020*
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases		1,287		1,351
Operating cash flows from financing lease		5		5
Financing cash flows from financing lease		18		17
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		124		712

Lessee, Operating and Finance Lease, Liability, Maturity [Table Text Block]

	*Operating*			*Financing*
2022	$	1,312		$	22
2023		1,327			66
2024		1,231			—
2025		1,257			—
2026		1,197			—
2027 and thereafter		2,923			—
Total lease payments	$	9,247		$	88
Less imputed interest		(996	)		(6	)
Present value	$	8,251		$	82

Note T - Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Rent Commitment [Member]

Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity [Table Text Block]

Year ended December 31,	*Amount*
2022	$	1,334
2023		1,393
2024		1,231
2025		1,257
2026		1,197
thereafter		2,923
	$	9,335

Note R - Segment and Geographic Information - Revenue Information by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue, net	$ 211,565	$ 234,623	$ 190,872
UNITED STATES
Revenue, net	14,633	18,380	9,795
TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Revenue, net	99,201	131,076	97,776
CHINA
Revenue, net	$ 97,731	$ 85,167	$ 83,301

Note D - Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating lease expense	$ 1,230	$ 1,206
Financing lease expense	32	32
Short Term lease expense	19	130
Total lease expense	$ 1,281	$ 1,368
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) - operating leases (Year)	7 years 1 month 24 days	8 years 1 month 2 days
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) - financing leases (Year)	1 year 9 months 29 days	2 years 9 months 29 days
Weighted Average Discount Rate - operating leases	3.22%	3.23%
Weighted Average Discount Rate - financing leases	5.00%	5.00%
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 1,287	$ 1,351
Operating cash flows from financing lease	5	5
Financing cash flows from financing lease	18	17	$ 2
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 124	$ 712

Note T - Commitments and Contingencies - Minimum Rental Commitments (Details) - Rent Commitment [Member] $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
2022	$ 1,334
2023	1,393
2024	1,231
2025	1,257
2026	1,197
thereafter	2,923
Lessee, Lease, Liability, to be Paid	$ 9,335

Note G - Inventories (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Inventory, LIFO Reserve, Period Charge	$ 3,889	$ 3,930	$ 6,774
Inventory Write-down	$ 16,800	$ 20,400	$ 13,400

Note U - Subsequent Events (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Repayments of Lines of Credit		$ 111,287	$ 96,006	$ 88,299
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Truist Bank [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Repayments of Lines of Credit	$ 14,400

Note P - Share-based Compensation - Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Outstanding, number of shares (in shares)	276
Outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.29
Outstanding, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 5.44	$ 5.41
Outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life (Year)	1 year 8 months 8 days	2 years 8 months 1 day
Outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 0	$ 54
Exercised, number of shares (in shares)	(2)
Exercised, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 6.00
Exercised, weighted average share price on date of exercise (in dollars per share)	9.64
Exercised, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.40
Exercised, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 7
Forfeited, number of shares (in shares)	(4)
Forfeited, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.46
Forfeited, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 5.64
Forfeited, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 0
Outstanding, number of shares (in shares)	270	276
Outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.32	$ 10.29
Exercisable, number of shares (in shares)	270
Exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.32
Exercisable, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 5.44
Exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual life (Year)	1 year 8 months 8 days
Exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 0
Vested and expected to vest, number of shares (in shares)	270
Vested and expected to vest, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.32
Vested and expected to vest, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 5.44
Vested and expected to vest, weighted average remaining contractual life (Year)	1 year 8 months 8 days
Vested and expected to vest, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 0

Note I - Intangible Assets - Finite-lived Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Intangible assets, gross amount	$ 8,632	$ 8,179
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(4,796)	(4,180)
Intangible assets, net	3,836	3,999
Patents [Member]
Intangible assets, gross amount	8,597	8,158
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(4,779)	(4,165)
Intangible assets, net	3,818	3,993
Trademarks [Member]
Intangible assets, gross amount	35	21
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(17)	(15)
Intangible assets, net	$ 18	$ 6

Note G - Inventories - Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Raw materials	$ 29,469	$ 25,555
Work in process and sub-assemblies	41,528	52,544
Finished goods	21,519	32,298
Total inventory	$ 92,516	$ 110,397

Note A - Organization and Operations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Business Description and Basis of Presentation [Text Block]

NOTE A—ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS

Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. (“AOI” or the “Company”) was incorporated in the State of Texas on February 28, 1997. In March 2013, the Company converted into a Delaware corporation. The Company is a leading, vertically integrated provider of fiber-optic networking products, primarily for four networking end-markets: internet data center, CATV, telecom and FTTH. The Company designs and manufactures a wide range of optical communications products at varying levels of integration, from components, subassemblies and modules to complete turn-key equipment.

The Company has manufacturing and research and development facilities located in the U.S., Taiwan and China. At its corporate headquarters and manufacturing facilities in Sugar Land, Texas, the Company primarily manufactures lasers and laser components and performs research and development activities for laser component and optical module products. The Company operates in Taipei, Taiwan and Ningbo, China through its wholly-owned subsidiary Prime World International Holdings, Ltd. (“Prime World”, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands). Prime World is the parent of Global Technology, Inc. (“Global”, incorporated in the People’s Republic of China). Through Global, the Company primarily manufactures certain of its data center transceiver products, including subassemblies and transceivers, as well as Cable TV Broadband (“CATV”) systems and equipment, and performs research and development activities for the CATV products. Prime World also operates a branch in Taiwan, which primarily manufactures transceivers. The Company also has a research and development center in Duluth, Georgia.

Note K - Notes Payable and Long-term Debt - Schedule of Notes Payable and Long-term Debt (Details) (Parentheticals)			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 29, 2021 USD ($)	Apr. 05, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 21, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 21, 2019 CNY (¥)	Mar. 05, 2019 USD ($)
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Promissory Note [Member]
Long-term debt, maturity date			Jan. 21, 2022	Jan. 21, 2022
Long-term debt, interest			3.50%	3.50%
Chailease Finance Co, Ltd. [Member] \| Promissory Note 2 [Member]
Long-term debt, maturity date			Jan. 21, 2022	Jan. 21, 2022
Long-term debt, interest			3.10%	3.10%
Paycheck Protection Program, CARES Act [Member]
Long-term debt, maturity date			Apr. 16, 2022	Apr. 16, 2022
Long-term debt, interest			1.00%	1.00%
Truist Bank [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum	$ 20,000,000	$ 20,000,000			$ 20,000,000			$ 25,000,000
Truist Bank [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Long-term debt, interest		1.50%
Truist Bank [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]
Long-term debt, interest	1.56%
Truist Bank [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Fouth Amendment to Loan Agreement with Truist Bank [Member] \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum			$ 20,000,000	$ 20,000,000
Long-term debt, interest			1.50%	1.50%
Long-term debt, maturity date			Apr. 02, 2021	Apr. 02, 2021
Truist Bank [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Sixth Amendment to Loan Agreement with Truist Bank [Member] \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum			$ 20,000,000	$ 20,000,000
Long-term debt, interest			1.56%	1.56%
Long-term debt, maturity date			Apr. 15, 2023	Apr. 15, 2023
Taishin International Bank [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum			$ 3,436,000	$ 3,436,000
Long-term debt, maturity date			Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2021
Long-term debt, interest			2.20%	2.20%
China Merchants Bank Co, Ltd [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum			$ 8,917,000	$ 8,917,000
Long-term debt, maturity date			Oct. 15, 2021	Oct. 15, 2021
Long-term debt, interest			4.50%	4.50%
SPD Bank [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum			$ 25,449,000	$ 25,449,000
Long-term debt, maturity date			May 24, 2024	May 24, 2024
SPD Bank [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Long-term debt, interest			3.01%	3.01%
SPD Bank [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Long-term debt, interest			4.57%	4.57%
China Zheshang Bank Co., Ltd [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| The ¥100M Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum			$ 14,125,000			$ 14,100,000	¥ 100,000,000
Long-term debt, maturity date			Jan. 01, 2024
Long-term debt, interest			3.50%
China Zheshang Bank Co., Ltd [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| The ¥50M Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term debt, maximum			$ 7,167,000	$ 7,167,000		$ 7,100,000	¥ 50,000,000
Long-term debt, maturity date			Jun. 20, 2022	Jun. 20, 2022
Long-term debt, interest			5.70%	5.70%

Note S - Employee Benefit Plans (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Discretionary Contribution Amount	$ 1.0	$ 0.8	$ 0.8
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Cost (Reversal of Cost), Total	$ 0.7	1.2	0.7
Foreign Plan [Member]
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Cost (Reversal of Cost), Total		$ 0.8	$ 0.8

Note P - Share-based Compensation (Details Textual) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Option, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount	$ 0
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)	4 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)	10 years
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] \| Exercisable on the First Anniversary Date Following the Date of Grant [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	25.00%
Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Option, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount	$ 20,900
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition (Year)	2 years 6 months 7 days
Performance Shares [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardPerformanceAwardValuePercentageOfBasedAmount	0.00%
Performance Shares [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardPerformanceAwardValuePercentageOfBasedAmount	200.00%
Performance Shares [Member] \| Vesting on the Third Anniversary [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	100.00%

Note I - Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021